Levels of Cytokine in Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid in Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis Due to Sulfur Mustard Gas Inhalation

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Emad ◽  
Yasaman Emad
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Gas Inhalation

Mustard Gas Inhalation Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Keyser ◽  
Devon K. Andres ◽  
Wesley W. Holmes ◽  
Danielle Paradiso ◽  
Ashley Appell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Chemical Terrorism ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gas Inhalation ◽  
Inhibitor Compounds

Mustard gas (sulfur mustard [SM], bis-[2-chloroethyl] sulfide) is a vesicating chemical warfare agent and a potential chemical terrorism agent. Exposure of SM causes debilitating skin blisters (vesication) and injury to the eyes and the respiratory tract; of these, the respiratory injury, if severe, may even be fatal. Therefore, developing an effective therapeutic strategy to protect against SM-induced respiratory injury is an urgent priority of not only the US military but also the civilian antiterrorism agencies, for example, the Homeland Security. Toward developing a respiratory medical countermeasure for SM, four different classes of therapeutic compounds have been evaluated in the past: anti-inflammatory compounds, antioxidants, protease inhibitors and antiapoptotic compounds. This review examines all of these different options; however, it suggests that preventing cell death by inhibiting apoptosis seems to be a compelling strategy but possibly dependent on adjunct therapies using the other drugs, that is, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protease inhibitor compounds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Atrovastatin on Inflammatory Markers in Sulfur Mustard Gas Induced Bronchitis; A Randomized Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Momeni ◽  
Saeed Nazer ◽  
Seyed Masoom Masoompour ◽  
Bita Geramizadeh ◽  
Seyed Vahid Sajadi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gas Inhalation ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin in patients with chronic bronchitis due to sulfur mustard gas inhalation. Methods: In this randomized double-blinded clinical trial we enrolled patients with chronic bronchitis due to sulfur mustard gas inhalation. Ninety man aged between 45 to 75 years with diagnosed of chronic bronchitis due to exposure to mustard gas during the Iran-Iraq war, were randomly assigned to receive either atorvastatin (40 mg) or placebo, given orally once a day for 3 months. The interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), procalcitonin, highly sensitive CRP, and COPD assessment test (CAT) score in both groups compared with each other and baseline data. Results: After 12 weeks of using atorvastatin (n=40), the level IL-6 decreased significantly (p=0.03) without any significant differences in the level of TNF-α, high sensitive CRP, and procalcitonin (P=0.31, p=0.78, and p=0.08). In placebo group (n=38), both procalcitonin and IL-6 significantly decreased after 12 weeks (P=0.002 and p<0.001), but levels of high sensitive CRP did not differ significantly and the level of TNF-α increased (p=0.006). The mean differences in levels of TNF- α, IL-6, high sensitive CRP, and procalcitonin did not differ statistically significant between the study groups after 12 weeks. Although after 12 weeks of study in both groups the CAT score have had appreciably high magnitude decrease (P<0.001), but its mean differences change wasn't significant between group (P=0.71). Conclusions: Administration of 40 mg atorvastatin for 3 months although could not significantly change systemic inflammatory markers or quality of life in mustard gas induced chronic bronchitis.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT138904144312N1. Registered 16 August 2014, https://en.irct.ir/trial/4577

The mucocutaneous manifestations of sulfur mustard gas on 1024 Iraqi victims: ISIS chemical attack in the South of Kirkuk

Toxin Reviews ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Seyed Naser Emadi ◽  
Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini ◽  
Ghasem Rahmat Pour Rokni ◽  
Seyed Emad Emadi ◽  
Shahin Hamzelou
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
The South ◽  
Chemical Attack
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