Exhaled Particles After a Standardized Breathing Maneuver

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Bake ◽  
Evert Ljungström ◽  
Annika Claesson ◽  
Hanne Krage Carlsen ◽  
Matthias Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Maneuver

scholarly journals 59 Contribution of Age in Effectiveness of Slow Deep Breathing Maneuver in Patients with Hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e9
Author(s):  
Wendy Wiharja ◽  
Raymond Pranata ◽  
Abraham Fatah ◽  
Hadrian Deka ◽  
Vito A. Damay
Keyword(s):  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Breathing Maneuver

A single-breath technique with variable flow rate to characterize nitric oxide exchange dynamics in the lungs

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos M. Tsoukias ◽  
Hye-Won Shin ◽  
Archie F. Wilson ◽  
Steven C. George
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
A Priori Estimates ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
No Production ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breathing Maneuver

Current techniques to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production and elimination in the lungs are inherently nonspecific or are cumbersome to perform (multiple-breathing maneuvers). We present a new technique capable of estimating key flow-independent parameters characteristic of NO exchange in the lungs: 1) the steady-state alveolar concentration (Calv,ss), 2) the maximum flux of NO from the airways ( J NO,max), and 3) the diffusing capacity of NO in the airways ( D NO,air). Importantly, the parameters were estimated from a single experimental single-exhalation maneuver that consisted of a preexpiratory breath hold, followed by an exhalation in which the flow rate progressively decreased. The mean values for J NO,max, D NO,air, and Calv,ss do not depend on breath-hold time and range from 280–600 pl/s, 3.7–7.1 pl · s−1 · parts per billion (ppb)−1, and 0.73–2.2 ppb, respectively, in two healthy human subjects. A priori estimates of the parameter confidence intervals demonstrate that a breath hold no longer than 20 s may be adequate and that J NO,max can be estimated with the smallest uncertainty and D NO,air with the largest, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. We conclude that our new technique can be used to characterize flow-independent NO exchange parameters from a single experimental single-exhalation breathing maneuver.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle Deposition in Rhythmically Moving Acinar Models with Interalveolar Septal Apertures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Xi ◽  
Mohamed Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Nanoparticle Deposition ◽  
Breathing Maneuver ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Tissue Responses ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Discrete Phase ◽  
Inhaled Nanoparticles

Pulmonary delivery of nanomedicines has been extensively studied in recent years because of their enhanced biocompatibility, sustained-release properties, and surface modification capability. The lung as a target also offers many advantages over other routers, such as large surface area, noninvasive, quick therapeutic onset, and avoiding first-pass metabolism. However, nanoparticles smaller than 0.26 µm typically escape phagocytosis and remain in the alveoli for a long time, leading to particle accumulation and invoking tissue responses. It is imperative to understand the behavior and fates of inhaled nanoparticles in the alveoli to reliably assess therapeutic outcomes of nanomedicines or health risk of environmental toxins. The objective of this study is to numerically investigate nanoparticle deposition in a duct-alveolar model with varying sizes of inter-alveolar septal apertures (pores). A discrete phase Lagrangian model was implemented to track nanoparticle trajectories under the influence of rhythmic wall expansion and contraction. Both temporal and spatial dosimetry in the alveoli were computed. Wall motions are essential for nanoparticles to penetrate the acinar region and deposit in the alveoli. The level of aerosol irreversibility (i.e., mixing of inhaled nanoparticles with residual air in the alveolar airspace) is determined by the particle diffusivity, which in turn, dictates the fraction of particles being exhaled out. When deposition in the upper airways was not considered, high alveolar deposition rates (74–95%) were predicted for all nanoparticles considered (1–1000 nm), which were released into the alveoli at the beginning of the inhalation. The pore size notably affects the deposition pattern of inhaled nanoparticles but exerts a low impact upon the total deposition fractions. This finding indicates that consistent pulmonary doses of nanomedicine are possible in emphysema patients if breathing maneuver with the same tidal volume can be performed.

Dynamics of soluble gas exchange in the airways. III. Single-exhalation breathing maneuver

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2439-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. George ◽  
A. L. Babb ◽  
M. P. Hlastala
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Positive Slope ◽  
Breathing Maneuver ◽  
Pulmonary Airways

The exchange characteristics of a highly soluble gas with the pulmonary airways during a single-exhalation maneuver were analyzed using a mathematical model previously described by our group (M. E. Tsu et al. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 16: 547–571, 1988). The model integrates the simultaneous exchange of water, heat, and a soluble gas with the pulmonary airways. The purpose of this paper is to provide experimental data for model validation. Exhaled ethyl alcohol concentration profiles of human subjects were measured with an Intoxilyzer 5000 and were plotted against exhaled volume measured with a wedge spirometer. Each subject performed a series of breathing maneuvers in which exhalation flow rate was the only variable. Phase III has a positive slope (0.047 +/- 0.0089 mol alcohol in air.mol alcohol in alveolus-1.l-1) that is statistically independent (P > 0.05) of flow rate. Reducing the molecular diffusion coefficient of alcohol in the nonperfused tissue layer improves the fit of the model to the experimental data. The optimal diffusion coefficient of alcohol for all subjects was 12 +/- 5.3 (SD) x 10(-7) cm2/s, which is 8% of the diffusion coefficient of alcohol in water (1.6 x 10(-5) cm2/s). We concluded that the experimental data showing a positive slope of the exhaled alcohol profile are consistent with a reduced diffusivity of alcohol in the respiratory mucosa. The reduced diffusion coefficient enhances reabsorption of alcohol by the airways on exhalation and creates a positive phase III slope.

scholarly journals Domiciliary Experience of the Target Inhalation Mode (TIM) Breathing Maneuver in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (s1) ◽  
pp. S-45-S-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Denyer ◽  
Alex Black ◽  
Kurt Nikander ◽  
Tony Dyche ◽  
Ivan Prince
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Breathing Maneuver

scholarly journals The Impact of Pursed-lips Breathing Maneuver on Cardiac, Respiratory, and Oxygenation Parameters in COPD Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1851-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahriar Sakhaei ◽  
Hassan Ebrahimpour Sadagheyani ◽  
Soryya Zinalpoor ◽  
Abdolah Khorami Markani ◽  
Hossein Motaarefi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Breathing Maneuver ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Respiratory system, together with the cardiovascular and central nervous system, is responsible for all processes related to oxygenation and hemodynamics and the defect in the functioning of each of these systems, along with ageing, can have mutual effects on their performance and physiological symptoms. The use of Pursed-lips Breathing (PLB) training is an essential part of the treatment of patients with the obstructive pulmonary disease, PLB stimulates the autonomic nervous system and causes relaxation and improvement of physiological parameters. AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PLB on cardiac, pulmonary and oxygenation level in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS: A three-group clinical trial study with experimental and control which was purposefully conducted with the participation of patients with COPD and healthy individuals referring to Madani hospital Khoy, in 2017. The sample size was selected to be 60 subjects. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups of intervention and control with 20 patients, and 20 healthy subjects were assigned to the healthy intervention group. The demographic, anthropometric information form and checklist recording changes in levels of oxygenation, respiration, temperature, heart rate and blood pressure with cardiopulmonary follow up in three stages before, during and after PLB were used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, repeated measure test, ANOVA, and Chi-square. RESULTS: On evaluation within the COPD patient intervention group in Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SPO2) index with the mean difference of 2.05 percent, Respiratory Rate(RR)-0.65 minute and Pulse Rate(PR)-1.6 bpm was significant (p ≤ 0.05), and systolic blood pressure index in healthy subjects was increased (3.35 mmHg). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that using effective PLB as an easy, inexpensive, non- invasive and non-pharmacological method is considered as an important factor in improving the status of oxygenation and physiological indicators in patients with COPD and should be considered as an important part of rehabilitation programs for these patients.

Measuring airway exchange of endogenous acetone using a single-exhalation breathing maneuver

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Anderson ◽  
Wayne J. E. Lamm ◽  
Michael P. Hlastala
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Acetone Concentration ◽  
Breathing Maneuver ◽  
Alveolar Gas Exchange

Exhaled acetone is measured to estimate exposure or monitor diabetes and congestive heart failure. Interpreting this measurement depends critically on where acetone exchanges in the lung. Health professionals assume exhaled acetone originates from alveolar gas exchange, but experimental data and theoretical predictions suggest that acetone comes predominantly from airway gas exchange. We measured endogenous acetone in the exhaled breath to evaluate acetone exchange in the lung. The acetone concentration in the exhalate of healthy human subjects was measured dynamically with a quadrupole mass spectrometer and was plotted against exhaled volume. Each subject performed a series of breathing maneuvers in which the steady exhaled flow rate was the only variable. Acetone phase III had a positive slope (0.054 ± 0.016 liter−1) that was statistically independent of flow rate. Exhaled acetone concentration was normalized by acetone concentration in the alveolar air, as estimated by isothermal rebreathing. Acetone concentration in the rebreathed breath ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 parts per million. Normalized end-exhaled acetone concentration was dependent on flow and was 0.79 ± 0.04 and 0.85 ± 0.04 for the slow and fast exhalation rates, respectively. A mathematical model of airway and alveolar gas exchange was used to evaluate acetone transport in the lung. By doubling the connective tissue (epithelium + mucosal tissue) thickness, this model predicted accurately ( R2 = 0.94 ± 0.05) the experimentally measured expirograms and demonstrated that most acetone exchange occurred in the airways of the lung. Therefore, assays using exhaled acetone measurements need to be reevaluated because they may underestimate blood levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document