Quantitative Analysis and Design of a Spray Aerosol Inhaler. Part 2: Improvements in Mouthpiece Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hindle ◽  
P. Worth Longest
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Aerosol Inhaler

Quantitative Analysis of Inner Force Distribution and Load Capacity of Grasps and Fixtures

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlun Xiong ◽  
Han Ding ◽  
Michael Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
System Design ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Grasp Planning ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Fixture System

This paper focuses on a quantitative analysis for grasp planning and fixture design based on an analytical description of point contact restraint. In the framework, the analysis deals with the fundamental concepts of restraint cone, freedom cone, force-determinacy and relative form closure. A method is presented to quantify the performance of a fixture (or grasp) with two major characteristics of inner force distribution and load capacity. Two different fixturing (or grasp) models of simplex grasp and elastic grasp are presented. It is shown that the performance of these two types of grasp (or fixturing) could be measured with different performance indices. A minimax index (MMI) and a volume measure are defined for evaluating a simplex grasp, while a measure using the tolerable range of differential motion in the twist space or the allowable load polyhedron in the wrench space would be suitable for quantifying robustness and load capability of an elastic fixture system. Furthermore, for fixture system design a geometric analysis and reasoning procedure is described for the design of locators, clamps and supplementary supports. The aim of these proposed analysis and design techniques is to provide a scientific foundation for automated grasping/fixturing system design in the engineering practice.

Software for quantitative analysis of radiotherapy: Overview, requirement analysis and design solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Zhang ◽  
Martina Hub ◽  
Sarah Mang ◽  
Christian Thieke ◽  
Oliver Nix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Design Solutions

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

Lateral resolution of the electron microbeam analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
H.J. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Cylindrical Particle ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

The chemical inhomogenities in modern materials such as fibers, phases and inclusions, often have diameters in the region of one micrometer. Using electron microbeam analysis for the determination of the element concentrations one has to know the smallest possible diameter of such regions for a given accuracy of the quantitative analysis.In th is paper the correction procedure for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis is extended to a spacial problem to determine the smallest possible measurements of a cylindrical particle P of high D (depth resolution) and diameter L (lateral resolution) embeded in a matrix M and which has to be analysed quantitative with the accuracy q. The mathematical accounts lead to the following form of the characteristic x-ray intens ity of the element i of a particle P embeded in the matrix M in relation to the intensity of a standard S

An example of spectrum imaging used for comparison of EELS quantitative analysis techniques on Al-Li

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Difference Spectrum ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Normal Spectrum ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Spectrum-imaging is a useful technique for comparing different processing methods on very large data sets which are identical for each method. This paper is concerned with comparing methods of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) quantitative analysis on the Al-Li system. The spectrum-image analyzed here was obtained from an Al-10at%Li foil aged to produce δ' precipitates that can span the foil thickness. Two 1024 channel EELS spectra offset in energy by 1 eV were recorded and stored at each pixel in the 80x80 spectrum-image (25 Mbytes). An energy range of 39-89eV (20 channels/eV) are represented. During processing the spectra are either subtracted to create an artifact corrected difference spectrum, or the energy offset is numerically removed and the spectra are added to create a normal spectrum. The spectrum-images are processed into 2D floating-point images using methods and software described in [1].

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