Genomic Insight into Natural Inactivation of Shiga Toxin 2 Production in an Environmental Escherichia coli Strain Producing Shiga Toxin 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 555-567
Author(s):  
Michelle Qiu Carter ◽  
Antares Pham ◽  
Xiaohua He ◽  
Robert Hnasko
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2 ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Identification and pathogenomic analysis of an Escherichia coli strain producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangning Bai ◽  
Shanshan Fu ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Ruyue Fan ◽  
Yanmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli during Initial Contact with Cattle Colonic Explants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Zachary R. Stromberg ◽  
Rick E. Masonbrink ◽  
Melha Mellata
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Lon Protease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log2 Fold Change ◽  
Colonization Factors

Foodborne pathogens are a public health threat globally. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), particularly O26, O111, and O157 STEC, are often associated with foodborne illness in humans. To create effective preharvest interventions, it is critical to understand which factors STEC strains use to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of cattle, which serves as the reservoir for these pathogens. Several colonization factors are known, but little is understood about initial STEC colonization factors. Our objective was to identify these factors via contrasting gene expression between nonpathogenic E. coli and STEC. Colonic explants were inoculated with nonpathogenic E. coli strain MG1655 or STEC strains (O26, O111, or O157), bacterial colonization levels were determined, and RNA was isolated and sequenced. STEC strains adhered to colonic explants at numerically but not significantly higher levels compared to MG1655. After incubation with colonic explants, flagellin (fliC) was upregulated (log2 fold-change = 4.0, p < 0.0001) in O157 STEC, and collectively, Lon protease (lon) was upregulated (log2 fold-change = 3.6, p = 0.0009) in STEC strains compared to MG1655. These results demonstrate that H7 flagellum and Lon protease may play roles in early colonization and could be potential targets to reduce colonization in cattle.

scholarly journals Bovine Non-O157 Shiga Toxin 2-Containing Escherichia coli Isolates Commonly Possess stx2-EDL933 and/or stx2vhb Subtypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2716-2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Brett ◽  
M. A. Hornitzky ◽  
K. A. Bettelheim ◽  
M. J. Walker ◽  
S. P. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2

Prevalence, Characterization, and Genotypic Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7/NM fromSelected Beef Exporting Abattoirs of Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. MASANA ◽  
G. A. LEOTTA ◽  
L. L. DEL CASTILLO ◽  
B. A. D'ASTEK ◽  
P. M. PALLADINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2 ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Content

In Argentina, Escherichia coli O157:H7/NM (STEC O157) is the prevalent serotype associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is endemic in the country with more than 400 cases per year. In order to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 in beef cattle at slaughter, a survey of 1,622 fecal and carcass samples was conducted in nine beef exporting abattoirs from November 2006 to April 2008. A total of 54 samples were found positive for STEC O157, with an average prevalence of 4.1% in fecal content and 2.6% in carcasses. Calves and heifers presented higher percentages of prevalence in feces, 10.5 and 8.5%, respectively. All STEC O157 isolates harbored stx2 (Shiga toxin 2), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin), and fliCH7 (H7 flagellin) genes, while stx1 (Shiga toxin 1) was present in 16.7% of the strains. The prevalent (56%) stx genotype identified was stx2 combined with variant stx2c (vh-a), the combination of which is also prevalent (&gt;90%) in STEC O157 post–enteric HUS cases in Argentina. The clonal relatedness of STEC O157 strains was established by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The 54 STEC isolates were categorized into 12 different phage types and in 29 XbaI-PFGE patterns distributed in 27 different lots. STEC O157 strains isolated from 5 of 21 carcasses were identical by PFGE (100% similarity) to strains of the fecal content of the same or a contiguous bovine in the lot. Five phage type–PFGE–stx profiles of 10 strains isolated in this study matched with the profiles of the strains recovered from 18 of 122 HUS cases that occurred in the same period.

scholarly journals Clinically-relevant Shiga toxin 2 subtypes from environmental Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli identified by top-down/middle-down proteomics and DNA sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton K. Fagerquist ◽  
William J. Zaragoza ◽  
Bertram G. Lee ◽  
Jaszemyn C. Yambao ◽  
Beatriz Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2

scholarly journals Nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis in rat macrophages subjected to Shiga toxin 2 from Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Baronetti ◽  
Natalia Angel Villegas ◽  
María Gabriela Paraje ◽  
Inés Albesa
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity among Induced, stx2-Carrying Bacteriophages from Environmental Escherichia coli Strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina García-Aljaro ◽  
Maite Muniesa ◽  
Juan Jofre ◽  
Anicet R. Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Lytic Cycle ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Shiga Toxin 2 ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin 2 (stx 2) gene-carrying bacteriophages have been shown to convert Escherichia coli strains to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In this study, 79 E. coli strains belonging to 35 serotypes isolated from wastewaters of both human and animal origin were examined for the presence of stx2 -carrying bacteriophages in their genomes. The lytic cycle of the bacteriophages was induced by mitomycin, and the bacteriophage fraction was isolated and used for morphological and genetic characterization. The induced bacteriophages showed morphological diversity, as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism variation, in the different strains belonging to different serotypes. The ability to infect new hosts was highly variable, although most of the induced phages infected Shigella sonnei host strain 866. In summary, in spite of carrying either the same or different stx 2 variants and in spite of the fact that they were isolated from strains belonging to the same or different serotypes, the induced bacteriophages were highly variable. The high level of diversity and the great infectious capacity of these phages could enhance the spread of the stx 2 gene and variants of this gene among different bacterial populations in environments to which humans may be exposed.

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