Food Source Prediction of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks Using Demographic and Outbreak Characteristics, United States, 1998–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice White ◽  
Alicia Cronquist ◽  
Edward J. Bedrick ◽  
Elaine Scallan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Source

scholarly journals Outbreaks attributed to fresh leafy vegetables, United States, 1973–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3011-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. HERMAN ◽  
A. J. HALL ◽  
L. H. GOULD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Local State ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Control And Prevention

SUMMARYLeafy vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet; however, they have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses. We reviewed leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1973 and 2012. During the study period, 606 leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks, with 20 003 associated illnesses, 1030 hospitalizations, and 19 deaths were reported. On average, leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were larger than those attributed to other food types. The pathogens that most often caused leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were norovirus (55% of outbreaks with confirmed aetiology), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (18%), and Salmonella (11%). Most outbreaks were attributed to food prepared in a restaurant or catering facility (85%). An ill food worker was implicated as the source of contamination in 31% of outbreaks. Efforts by local, state, and federal agencies to control leafy vegetable contamination and outbreaks should span from the point of harvest to the point of preparation.

How Does Escherichia coli O157:H7 Testing in Meat Compare with What We Are Seeing Clinically?

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. K. ACHESON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is but one of a group of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that cause both intestinal disease such as bloody and nonbloody diarrhea and serious complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). While E. coli O157: H7 is the most renowned STEC, over 200 different types of STEC have been documented in meat and animals, at least 60 of which have been linked with human disease. A number of studies have suggested that non-O157 STEC are associated with clinical disease, and non-O157 STEC are present in the food supply. Non-O157 STEC, such as O111 have caused large outbreaks and HUS in the United States and other countries. The current policy in the United States is to examine ground beef for O157:H7 only, but restricting the focus to O157 will miss other important human STEC pathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Swine Feces Recovered in the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7173-7178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pina M. Fratamico ◽  
Lori K. Bagi ◽  
Eric J. Bush ◽  
Barbara T. Solow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Swine Operations ◽  
Swine Feces

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in swine feces in the United States as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study. Fecal samples collected from swine operations from 13 of the top 17 swine-producing states were tested for the presence of STEC. After enrichment of swine fecal samples in tryptic soy broth, the samples were tested for the presence of stx 1 and stx 2 by use of the TaqMan E. coli STX1 and STX2 PCR assays. Enrichments of samples positive for stx 1 and/or stx 2 were plated, and colony hybridization was performed using digoxigenin-labeled probes complementary to the stx 1 and stx 2 genes. Positive colonies were picked and confirmed by PCR for the presence of the stx 1, stx 2, or stx 2e genes, and the isolates were serotyped. Out of 687 fecal samples tested using the TaqMan assays, 70% (484 of 687) were positive for Shiga toxin genes, and 54% (370 of 687), 64% (436 of 687), and 38% (261 of 687) were positive for stx 1, stx 2, and both toxin genes, respectively. Out of 219 isolates that were characterized, 29 (13%) produced stx 1, 14 (6%) produced stx 2, and 176 (80%) produced stx 2e. Twenty-three fecal samples contained at least two STEC strains that had different serotypes but that had the same toxin genes or included a strain that possessed stx 1 in addition to a strain that possessed stx 2 or stx 2e. The STEC isolates belonged to various serogroups, including O2, O5, O7, O8, O9, OX10, O11, O15, OX18, O20, O57, O65, O68, O69, O78, O91, O96, O100, O101, O120, O121, O152, O159, O160, O163, and O untypeable. It is noteworthy that no isolates of serogroup O157 were recovered. Results of this study indicate that swine in the United States harbor STEC that can potentially cause human illness.

scholarly journals Virulence Profiling of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O111:NM Isolates from Cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4164-4165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musafiri Karama ◽  
Carlton L. Gyles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) O111:NM is an important serotype that has been incriminated in disease outbreaks in the United States. This study characterized cattle STEC O111:NM for virulence factors and markers by PCR. Major conclusions are that STEC O111:NM characterized in this study lacksstx2and the full spectrum ofnlegene markers, and it has an incomplete OI-122.

Survey of Intact and Nonintact Raw Pork Collected at Retail Stores in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States for the Seven Regulated Serogroups of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844-1850
Author(s):  
YANGJIN JUNG ◽  
ANNA C. S. PORTO-FETT ◽  
BRADLEY A. SHOYER ◽  
LAURA E. SHANE ◽  
ELIZABETH HENRY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Pork Samples

ABSTRACT A total of 514 raw pork samples (395 ground or nonintact and 119 intact samples) were purchased at retail stores in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey between July and December 2017. All raw pork samples were screened for serogroup O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, or O157:H7 cells of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC-7) using standard microbiological and molecular methods. In short, 21 (5.3%) of the 395 ground or nonintact pork samples and 3 (3.4%) of the 119 intact pork samples tested positive via the BAX system real-time PCR assay for the stx and eae virulence genes and for the somatic O antigens for at least one of the STEC-7 serogroups. However, none of these 24 presumptive-positive pork samples subsequently yielded a viable isolate of STEC displaying a STEC-7 serogroup-specific surface antigen in combination with the stx and eae genes. These data suggest that cells of STEC serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, or O157:H7 are not common in retail raw pork samples in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from a Decade of Investigations of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Outbreaks Linked to Leafy Greens, United States and Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2319-2328
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Marshall ◽  
April Hexemer ◽  
Sharon L. Seelman ◽  
Marianne K. Fatica ◽  
Tyann Blessington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Leafy Greens

scholarly journals A diagnostic strategy to determine the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 status of pens of feedlot cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SMITH ◽  
J. T. GRAY ◽  
R. A. MOXLEY ◽  
S. M. YOUNTS-DAHL ◽  
M. P. BLACKFORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Individual

Although cattle are reservoirs, no validated method exists to monitor Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) on farms. In 29 Midwestern United States feedlot pens we compared culturing faeces from the individual cattle to: (1) culturing rope devices that cattle rub or chew; and (2) culturing a composite of faecal pats. Eighty-six per cent (68–96%) of pens were classified correctly using rope devices to detect pens with at least 16% of the cattle shedding STEC O157 [sensitivity=82% (57–96%); specificity=92% (62–100%)]. Ninety per cent of pens (73–98%) were classified correctly using composite faeces to detect pens with at least 37% of the cattle shedding STEC O157 [sensitivity=86% (42–100%); specificity=91% (71–99%)]. Ranking pens into three risk levels based on parallel interpretation of the pen-test results correlated (Spearman's r=0·76, P<0·0001) with the pen's prevalence. This strategy could identify pens of cattle posing a higher risk to food safety.

scholarly journals The Operon Encoding SubAB, a Novel Cytotoxin, Is Present in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli Isolates from the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khaitan ◽  
D. M. Jandhyala ◽  
C. M. Thorpe ◽  
J. M. Ritchie ◽  
A. W. Paton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
The United States
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