scholarly journals Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin–Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Isolated from Food Animals, Retail Meat, and Humans in the United States 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Folster ◽  
G. Pecic ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
B. Duval ◽  
R. Rickert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Food Animals

scholarly journals Detection of CTX-M-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella enterica clinical isolates of poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-687
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Denagamage ◽  
Eva Wallner-Pendleton ◽  
Bhushan M. Jayarao ◽  
Lingzi Xiaoli ◽  
Edward G. Dudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Made In

Salmonella enterica resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) conferred by cefotaximases ( blaCTX-M) is a growing concern in the United States. Among food-producing animals, poultry are a major reservoir of ESC-resistant Salmonella. A retrospective study was carried out to further characterize 38 ceftiofur-resistant clinical Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry during 2007–2018. Of the isolates tested, 31 displayed resistance to ceftriaxone and harbored blaCMY-2, whereas 7 isolates demonstrated resistance or reduced susceptibility to cefepime in addition to ceftriaxone resistance. These 7 isolates displayed extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity, harbored blaCTX-M-1, and were recovered only from recent poultry diagnostic submissions made in 2011–2018 as opposed to the 31 isolates that were recovered in 2007–2018. Further characterization of the blaCTX-M-1 gene determined that it was located on conjugative IncN/ST1 and IncI1/ST87 plasmids in the isolates from commercial turkeys and broilers, respectively. These plasmids have been responsible for extensive spread of blaCTX-M-1 in livestock, poultry, and humans in Europe. Potential transfer of IncN and IncI1 plasmids and/or nontyphoidal Salmonella carrying these plasmids through the food chain, or by other means to humans, may result in treatment failures. Our study demonstrates the importance of further characterization of ceftiofur-resistant S. enterica isolates detected by veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify the sources of blaCTX-M-1 and to mitigate the spread of ESC-resistant Salmonella in the poultry production pyramid.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Azithromycin among Salmonella enterica Isolates from the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 3985-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sjölund-Karlsson ◽  
Kevin Joyce ◽  
Karen Blickenstaff ◽  
Takiyah Ball ◽  
Jovita Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Retail Meat ◽  
Clinical Breakpoints

ABSTRACTDue to emerging resistance to traditional antimicrobial agents, such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol, azithromycin is increasingly used for the treatment of invasiveSalmonellainfections. In the present study, 696 isolates of non-TyphiSalmonellacollected from humans, food animals, and retail meats in the United States were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin. Seventy-twoSalmonella entericaserotype Typhi isolates from humans were also tested. For each isolate, MICs of azithromycin and 15 other antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution. Among the non-TyphiSalmonellaisolates, azithromycin MICs among human isolates ranged from 1 to 32 μg/ml, whereas the MICs among the animal and retail meat isolates ranged from 2 to 16 μg/ml and 4 to 16 μg/ml, respectively. AmongSalmonellaserotype Typhi isolates, the azithromycin MICs ranged from 4 to 16 μg/ml. The highest MIC observed in the present study was 32 μg/ml, and it was detected in three human isolates belonging to serotypes Kentucky, Montevideo, and Paratyphi A. Based on our findings, we propose an epidemiological cutoff value (ECOFF) for wild-typeSalmonellaof ≤16 μg/ml of azithromycin. The susceptibility data provided could be used in combination with clinical outcome data to determine tentative clinical breakpoints for azithromycin andSalmonella enterica.

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin–ResistantSalmonella entericaSerovar Heidelberg Isolated from Humans in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Folster ◽  
Gary Pecic ◽  
Shanna Bolcen ◽  
Lisa Theobald ◽  
Kelley Hise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extended Spectrum

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. e00653-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Campbell ◽  
K. Tagg ◽  
A. Bicknese ◽  
A. McCullough ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes an estimated 1.2 million illnesses, 23,000 hospitalizations, and 450 deaths each year in the United States. Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (DSC) has historically been associated with chromosomal mutations of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR), but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes are increasing. To investigate DSC among Salmonella enterica serotype Newport strains, we examined 40 isolates from 1996 to 2016 with DSC. Thirty isolates (71%) contained the PMQR gene qnrB and eight isolates (19%) contained a QRDR.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Albert Isolates in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2774-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Folster ◽  
Davina Campbell ◽  
Julian Grass ◽  
Allison C. Brown ◽  
Amelia Bicknese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Plasmids

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericais one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States. Although mostSalmonellainfections are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment of invasive salmonellosis is critical. The primary antimicrobial treatment options include fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and resistance to these antimicrobial drugs may complicate treatment. At present,S. entericais composed of more than 2,600 unique serotypes, which vary greatly in geographic prevalence, ecological niche, and the ability to cause human disease, and it is important to understand and mitigate the source of human infection, particularly when antimicrobial resistance is found. In this study, we identified and characterized 19S. entericaserotype Albert isolates collected from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the United States during 2005 to 2013. All five isolates from nonhuman sources were obtained from turkeys or ground turkey, and epidemiologic data suggest poultry consumption or live-poultry exposure as the probable source of infection.S. entericaserotype Albert also appears to be geographically localized to the midwestern United States. All 19 isolates displayed multidrug resistance, including decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Turkeys are a likely source of multidrug-resistantS. entericaserotype Albert, and circulation of resistance plasmids, as opposed to the expansion of a single resistant strain, is playing a role. More work is needed to understand why these resistance plasmids spread and how their presence and the serotype they reside in contribute to human disease.

scholarly journals Circulation of Plasmids Harboring Resistance Genes to Quinolones and/or Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Multiple Salmonella enterica Serotypes from Swine in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Elnekave ◽  
Samuel L. Hong ◽  
Seunghyun Lim ◽  
Shivdeep S. Hayer ◽  
Dave Boxrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) poses a major public health risk worldwide that is amplified by the existence of antimicrobial-resistant strains, especially those resistant to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). Little is known on the dissemination of plasmids harboring the acquired genetic determinants that confer resistance to these antimicrobials across NTS serotypes from livestock in the United States. NTS isolates (n = 183) from U.S. swine clinical cases retrieved during 2014 to 2016 were selected for sequencing based on their phenotypic resistance to enrofloxacin (quinolone) or ceftiofur (3rd-generation cephalosporin). De novo assemblies were used to identify chromosomal mutations and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (AARGs). In addition, plasmids harboring AARGs were identified using short-read assemblies and characterized using a multistep approach that was validated by long-read sequencing. AARGs to quinolones [qnrB15, qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrD, qnrS1, qnrS2, and aac(6')Ib-cr] and ESC (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-27, and blaSHV-12) were distributed across serotypes and were harbored by several plasmids. In addition, chromosomal mutations associated with resistance to quinolones were identified in the target enzyme and efflux pump regulation genes. The predominant plasmid harboring the prevalent qnrB19 gene was distributed across serotypes. It was identical to a plasmid previously reported in S. enterica serovar Anatum from swine in the United States (GenBank accession number KY991369.1) and similar to Escherichia coli plasmids from humans in South America (GenBank accession numbers GQ374157.1 and JN979787.1). Our findings suggest that plasmids harboring AARGs encoding mechanisms of resistance to critically important antimicrobials are present in multiple NTS serotypes circulating in swine in the United States and can contribute to resistance expansion through horizontal transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonellae in Commercial Ground Beef in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1892-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Bosilevac ◽  
Michael N. Guerini ◽  
Norasak Kalchayanand ◽  
Mohammad Koohmaraie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Common Serotypes

ABSTRACT Commercially produced ground beef samples (n = 4,136) were collected from seven regions of the United States over a 24-month period (July 2005 to June 2007) and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica by using methods that concurrently provided total prevalence and enumerable levels. The overall prevalence of Salmonella strains was 4.2%. Enumeration showed that 94.2% were present at levels below 2 CFU/g. Regional monthly prevalences of Salmonella strains varied from 1.8% to 6.5% but were not statistically different (P > 0.05). All Salmonella isolates were serotyped and their antibiotic susceptibilities determined and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most common serotypes identified were Salmonella enterica serotypes Montevideo, Anatum, Muenster, and Mbandaka, with these accounting for one-half of the isolates obtained. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella was determined to be 0.6%. The most common MDR serotypes were Salmonella enterica serotypes Dublin, Reading, and Typhimurium. MDR strains had resistance to between 2 and 10 antibiotics. There were no regional differences in prevalence of MDR Salmonella. PFGE analysis revealed that indistinguishable XbaI and AvrII restriction digest patterns (RDPs) could be observed in isolates of the same serotype found in different regions and months of sampling. The RDPs of 19 Salmonella strains were compared to RDPs in the PulseNet USA database. Thirteen were indistinguishable from existing patterns, and the number of records for each ranged from 1 to 478. These data show that Salmonella prevalence in commercial ground beef is low and suggest that attempts to identify sources contributing to Salmonella in ground beef by serotype, antibiogram, and PFGE cannot be made without additional documented evidence.

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