Objective: To describe the use of lemon/lime juice for douching by female sex workers (FSWs) and family planning clients (FPCs) in Jos, Nigeria. Method: A total of 300 sexually active women comprising 200 FSWs and 100 FPCs were interviewed in June 2004 to determine the mode and rationale for the use of lemon/lime juice for sex. Result: Majority of the women 167/300 (55.7%, 95% CI = 50–61%) i.e. 163/200 (81.5%, 95% CI=75–87%) FSWs, 4/100 (4%, 95% CI=1–10%) FPCs used vaginal lemon/lime douches. Lime juice was used by 105/167 (62.8%, 95% CI=55–70%), lemon juice by 30/167 (18%, 95% CI=12–25%) or a mixture by 18/167 (10.8%, 95% CI=7–25%). The juice was used either neat 44/167 (26%, 95% CI=20–34%) or diluted in water 75/167 (45%, 95% CI=37–53%) either before or after sex. Nineteen per cent (32/167) found the juice painful. Over half of the women believed that it protected them from pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted infections; they did not know their HIV status. Eighty-six per cent would recommend it to others, and 71% would be willing to take part in a study to evaluate its safety and efficacy. Conclusion: Lemon and lime juice are widely used for douches among women at high risk of HIV transmission. There is an urgent need to determine whether or not this practice promotes or prevents HIV infection.
Quantitative Assessment of Citric Acid in Lemon Juice, Lime Juice, and Commercially-Available Fruit Juice Products