Nitrogen and Salt Leaching from Two Typical Texas Turf Soils Irrigated with Degraded Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runbin Duan ◽  
Clifford B. Fedler
Keyword(s):  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Turf Soils

Structural engineering to control density, conformation, and bioactivity of the poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted poly(urethane urea) scaffolds

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Shideh Shaneh ◽  
Fatemeh Shokrolahi ◽  
Parvin Shokrollahi ◽  
Hamid Yeganeh ◽  
Hossein Omidian
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Poly(urethane urea) scaffolds were fabricated through combined salt leaching and solvent casting methods. The scaffolds were then functionalized via aminolysis with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG- g-PUU). To compare its bioactivity, gelatin was also grafted onto the aminolyzed poly(urethane urea) surface (Gel- g-PUU). Chemical changes at the surface were then monitored using quantitative/qualitative methods. Grafting with both gelatin and poly(ethylene glycol) remarkably enhanced the wettability of poly(urethane urea). Proliferation of human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells on poly(urethane urea) and the modified poly(urethane urea)s was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell experiment results showed that both the modified poly(urethane urea)s enhanced the attachment and proliferation of human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to pure poly(urethane urea). Based on previous reports, while a supportive role is observed at adequate poly(ethylene glycol) graft densities, cell adhesion and proliferation are inhibited at very high grafting densities. To correlate the cell data to poly(ethylene glycol) conformations, the surface tension was measured. Data on human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells’ attachment/proliferation and contact angle/surface free energy together showed that the grafting density of poly(ethylene glycol) was regulated by optimizing aminolysis conditions, careful selection of poly(ethylene glycol)’s molecular weight, and bulk properties of the matrix poly(urethane urea). As a result, surface overcrowding and brush conformation of the poly(ethylene glycol) chains were avoided, and human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cell attachment and proliferation occurred on the PEG- g-PUU scaffold at a comparable level to the Gel- g-PUU.

scholarly journals Surface Characterization and Physiochemical Evaluation of P(3HB-co-4HB)-Collagen Peptide Scaffolds with Silver Sulfadiazine as Antimicrobial Agent for Potential Infection-Resistance Biomaterial

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2454
Author(s):  
Sevakumaran Vigneswari ◽  
Tana Poorani Gurusamy ◽  
Wan M. Khairul ◽  
Abdul Khalil H.P.S. ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Collagen Peptides ◽  
Collagen Peptide ◽  
Peptide Scaffolds

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] is a bacterial derived biopolymer widely known for its unique physical and mechanical properties to be used in biomedical application. In this study, antimicrobial agent silver sulfadiazine (SSD) coat/collagen peptide coat-P(3HB-co-4HB) (SCCC) and SSD blend/collagen peptide coat-P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffolds (SBCC) were fabricated using a green salt leaching technique combined with freeze-drying. This was then followed by the incorporation of collagen peptides at various concentrations (2.5–12.5 wt.%) to P(3HB-co-4HB) using collagen-coating. As a result, two types of P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffolds were fabricated, including SCCC and SBCC scaffolds. The increasing concentrations of collagen peptides from 2.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.% exhibited a decline in their porosity. The wettability and hydrophilicity increased as the concentration of collagen peptides in the scaffolds increased. In terms of the cytotoxic results, MTS assay demonstrated the L929 fibroblast scaffolds adhered well to the fabricated scaffolds. The 10 wt.% collagen peptides coated SCCC and SBCC scaffolds displayed highest cell proliferation rate. The antimicrobial analysis of the fabricated scaffolds exhibited 100% inhibition towards various pathogenic microorganisms. However, the SCCC scaffold exhibited 100% inhibition between 12 and 24 h, but the SBCC scaffolds with SSD impregnated in the scaffold had controlled release of the antimicrobial agent. Thus, this study will elucidate the surface interface-cell interactions of the SSD-P(3HB-co-4HB)-collagen peptide scaffolds and controlled release of SSD, antimicrobial agent.

DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID CONTINUOUS FLOW SALT LEACHING KIT FOR FABRICATION OF POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE) (PHBV) POROUS 3-D SCAFFOLD

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazwan Aizad ◽  
Badrul Hisham Yahaya ◽  
Saiful Irwan Zubairi
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Salt Particle ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Highly Efficient

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) that are synthesized from bacteria that are predominantly produced by microbial fermentation processes on organic waste, such as palm oil mill effluent (POME), olive oil and kitchen waste, contribute to a sustainable waste management. A great variety of materials from this family can be produced, however the application of PHAs in the production of scaffolds in tissue engineering has been mainly constrained to poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) due to its highly adjustable physico-chemical properties. One of the common methods in making the 3-D scaffolds is by performing solvent-casting particulate-leaching (SCPL) process, but this process requires a long period of soaking in water to extract the entire salt particle in the 3-D scaffolds. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a new method to the conventional method of salt leaching process via a highly efficient continuous flow leaching kit. The salt leaching process was carried out by (1) immersing the 3-D porous scaffolds in a fabricated static container containing tap water and (2) by allowing a pre-setting continuous flow rate of water. The concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) was calculated periodically for both processes based on the salt standard calibration curve. The results showed that the exhaustive salt leaching of the conventional process occurred at 48 ± 5 hrs with the needs of changing the water twice a day. In contrast, the exhaustive salt leaching process via continuous flow leaching kit occurred at 40 ± 5 mins, 72 times faster than the conventional method (p<0.05). Therefore, the salt leaching process using continuous flow leaching kit can be considered a highly efficient and time saving procedure as compared to the conventional method.  

scholarly journals Effects of Wastewater Sludge Topdressing on Color, Quality, and Clipping Yield of a Turfgrass Mixture

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Bilgili ◽  
F. Olcay Topac-Sagban ◽  
Irfan Surer ◽  
Nejla Caliskan ◽  
Pervin Uzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Turf Soils ◽  
Sludge Application

The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of the rate and timing of the application of sun-dried wastewater sludge from a food processing company's wastewater system on turfgrass growth and quality. The results were compared with those obtained with ammonium nitrate, and changes in the concentration of heavy metals and the presence of fecal coliform in turf soils after sun-dried wastewater sludge application were determined. The rate and the timing of sun-dried wastewater sludge and ammonium nitrate applications affected the turf color, quality, and clipping yield. Monthly fertilization resulted in a more uniform color and turf quality than infrequent spring and fall fertilization. Compared with the background values of base soils, heavy metals did not accumulate in sun-dried wastewater sludge-amended soils over the test period. Fecal coliform was not detected in sludge-amended soil samples, indicating that bacteria regrowth did not occur during the study period.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Influence of 45S5 and Cu-Containing 45S5 Bioactive Glass (BG) on the Biological Properties of Novel Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/BG Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schuhladen ◽  
Barbara Lukasiewicz ◽  
Pooja Basnett ◽  
Ipsita Roy ◽  
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Hard Tissue Engineering

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), due to their biodegradable and biocompatible nature and their ability to be formed in complex structures, are excellent candidates for fabricating scaffolds used in tissue engineering. By introducing inorganic compounds, such as bioactive glasses (BGs), the bioactive properties of PHAs can be further improved. In addition to their outstanding bioactivity, BGs can be additionally doped with biological ions, which in turn extend the functionality of the BG-PHA composite. Here, different PHAs were combined with 45S5 BG, which was additionally doped with copper in order to introduce antibacterial and angiogenic properties. The resulting composite was used to produce scaffolds by the salt leaching technique. By performing indirect cell biology tests using stromal cells, a dose-depending effect of the dissolution products released from the BG-PHA scaffolds could be found. In low concentrations, no toxic effect was found. Moreover, in higher concentrations, a minor reduction of cell viability combined with a major increase in VEGF release was measured. This result indicates that the fabricated composite scaffolds are suitable candidates for applications in soft and hard tissue engineering. However, more in-depth studies are necessary to fully understand the release kinetics and the resulting long-term effects of the BG-PHA composites.

Biodegradable polycaprolactone/cuttlebone scaffold composite using salt leaching process

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Seok Park ◽  
Youn-Mook Lim ◽  
Min-Ho Youn ◽  
Hui-Jeong Gwon ◽  
Young-Chang Nho
Keyword(s):  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Leaching Process

Study on Extracting Potassium from Potassium Feldspar with Molten Salt Leaching Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1078-1081
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Song ◽  
Xin Zhi Wang ◽  
Shao Dan Xiao ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Optimal Process ◽  
Potash Feldspar ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

This article aims to study the technology of extracting potassium from potassium feldspar with molten salt leaching method and to analyze the effects of temperature, reaction time and other factors on extracting potassium, concluding the optimal process conditions of extracting potassium with molten leaching method from potash feldspar.

scholarly journals Micro-Water Harvesting and Soil Amendment Increase Grain Yields of Barley on a Heavy-Textured Alkaline Sodic Soil in a Rainfed Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Edward G. Barrett-Lennard ◽  
Rushna Munir ◽  
Dana Mulvany ◽  
Laine Williamson ◽  
Glen Riethmuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Salt Leaching

This paper focuses on the adverse effects of soil sodicity and alkalinity on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a rainfed environment in south-western Australia. These conditions cause the accumulation of salt (called ‘transient salinity’) in the root zone, which decreases the solute potential of the soil solution, particularly at the end of the growing season as the soil dries. We hypothesized that two approaches could help overcome this stress: (a) improved micro-water harvesting at the soil surface, which would help maintain soil hydration, decreasing the salinity of the soil solution, and (b) soil amelioration using small amounts of gypsum, elemental sulfur or gypsum plus elemental sulfur, which would ensure greater salt leaching. In our experiments, improved micro-water harvesting was achieved using a tillage technique consisting of exaggerated mounds between furrows and the covering of these mounds with plastic sheeting. The combination of the mounds and the application of a low rate of gypsum in the furrow (50 kg ha−1) increased yields of barley grain by 70% in 2019 and by 57% in 2020, relative to a control treatment with conventional tillage, no plastic sheeting and no amendment. These increases in yield were related to changes in ion concentrations in the soil and to changes in apparent electrical conductivity measured with the EM38.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Gas Plasma Treatment on CO2Gas Foaming/Salt Leaching Fabricated Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Yeong Bak ◽  
Min-Suk Kook ◽  
Sang-Chul Jung ◽  
Byung-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Plasma Surface Treatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Gas Foaming

Porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by using the CO2gas foaming/salt leaching process and then PCL scaffolds surface was treated by oxygen or nitrogen gas plasma in order to enhance the cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. The PCL and NaCl were mixed in the ratios of 3 : 1. The supercritical CO2gas foaming process was carried out by solubilizing CO2within samples at 50°C and 8 MPa for 6 hr and depressurization rate was 0.4 MPa/s. The oxygen or nitrogen plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds were prepared at discharge power 100 W and 10 mTorr for 60 s. The mean pore size of porous PCL scaffolds showed 427.89 μm. The gas plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds surface showed hydrophilic property and the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells comparing to untreated porous PCL scaffolds. The PCL scaffolds produced from the gas foaming/salt leaching and plasma surface treatment are suitable for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Polycaprolactone and Demineralized Bone Matrix Scaffolds

2012 ◽  
Vol 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Moloye ◽  
Christopher Batich
Keyword(s):  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Demineralized Bone

ABSTRACTCylindrical porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds containing 25, 35, and 50 wt% demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were fabricated using a salt-leaching method for application in bone engineering. In the present work, PCL-DBM scaffolds were monitored for calcium and phosphorus deposition in both deionized (DI) water and simulated body fluid (SBF) for time periods of 5, 10, 15, and 20 days at 37°C under constant rotation. An in vitro assessment of the bioactivity of synthetic materials using SBF under physiological conditions can be used as a barometer of scaffold behavior in vivo. DBM, an osteoinductive material, was used to gauge if there was a correlation between the concentration of DBM within a scaffold and the apatite formation on its surface. Biochemical assays, alizarin red S staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with elemental analysis of calcium and phosphorus were consistent in that they confirmed that PCL scaffolds containing 35 wt% DBM in SBF at 14 days post-immersion showed signs of early apatite formation.

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