Marine Oil Fate: Knowledge Gaps, Basic Research, and Development Needs; A Perspective Based on the Deepwater Horizon Spill

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Thibodeaux ◽  
Kalliat T. Valsaraj ◽  
Vijay T. John ◽  
Kyriakos D. Papadopoulos ◽  
Lawrence R. Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Marine Oil

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH PAYS OFF

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
J. H. Comroe ◽  
R. D. Dripps
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Living Organisms

Our analysis showed . . . 41% of all work judged to be essential for later clinical advance was not clinically oriented at the time it was done. The scientists responsible for these key articles sought knowledge for the sake of knowledge. . . . Our data show that clinical advance requires different types of research and development and not one to the exclusion of the other. . . . Our data compel us to conclude (1) that a generous portion of the nation's biomedical research dollar should be used to identify and then provide long term support for creative scientists whose main goal is to learn how living organisms function, without regard to the immediate relation of their research to specific human diseases; and (2) that basic research, as we have defined it, pays off in terms of key discoveries almost twice as handsomely as other types of research and development combined.

Management of Basic Research and Development: Lessons from the Australian Experience

Prometheus ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
DALLAS HANSON ◽  
JOHN STEEN ◽  
WAYNE O'DONOHUE
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Australian Experience

1A2-C03 Basic Research and Development of Linear Actuator Applying ER Gel

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (0) ◽  
pp. _1A2-C03_1-_1A2-C03_3
Author(s):  
Tomoya Yamaguchi ◽  
Ken'ichi Koyanagi ◽  
Yasuhiro Kakinuma ◽  
Hidenobu Anzai ◽  
Koji Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Linear Actuator

AFM Integrated with SEM and FIB: A Synergistic Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Aaron Lewis ◽  
A. Komissar ◽  
A. Ignatov ◽  
Oleg Fedoroyov ◽  
E. Maayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ion beam milling techniques are mature nanoscale measurement technologies, whereas atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a developing technology generating intense interest in the scientific community for basic research and development. These techniques have generally existed in separate worlds. This article discusses a capability that marries these technologies through an instrument recently introduced by Nanonics, the 3TB4000.

scholarly journals Challenges, solutions and research priorities for sustainable rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uffe N. Nielsen ◽  
Mark Stafford-Smith ◽  
Graciela I. Metternicht ◽  
Andrew Ash ◽  
Alex Baumber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Survey Responses

Australia’s rangeland communities, industries, and environment are under increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities and global changes more broadly. We conducted a horizon scan to identify and prioritise key challenges facing Australian rangelands and their communities, and outline possible avenues to address these challenges, with a particular focus on research priorities. We surveyed participants of the Australian Rangeland Society 20th Biennial Conference, held in Canberra in September 2019, before the conference and in interactive workshops during the conference, in order to identify key challenges, potential solutions, and research priorities. The feedback was broadly grouped into six themes associated with supporting local communities, managing natural capital, climate variability and change, traditional knowledge, governance, and research and development. Each theme had several sub-themes and potential solutions to ensure positive, long-term outcomes for the rangelands. The survey responses made it clear that supporting ‘resilient and sustainable rangelands that provide cultural, societal, environmental and economic outcomes simultaneously’ is of great value to stakeholders. The synthesis of survey responses combined with expert knowledge highlighted that sustaining local communities in the long term will require that the inherent social, cultural and natural capital of rangelands are managed sustainably, particularly in light of current and projected variability in climate. Establishment of guidelines and approaches to address these challenges will benefit from: (i) an increased recognition of the value and contributions of traditional knowledge and practices; (ii) development of better governance that is guided by and benefits local stakeholders; and (iii) more funding to conduct and implement strong research and development activities, with research focused on addressing critical knowledge gaps as identified by the local stakeholders. This requires strong governance with legislation and policies that work for the rangelands. We provide a framework that indicates the key knowledge gaps and how innovations may be implemented and scaled out, up and deep to achieve the resilience of Australia’s rangelands. The same principles could be adapted to address challenges in rangelands on other continents, with similar beneficial outcomes.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Processes Affecting the Fate of Discharged Deepwater Horizon Gas and Oil: New Insights and Remaining Gaps in Our Understanding

Oceanography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-97
Author(s):  
John Farrington ◽  
◽  
Edward Overton ◽  
Uta Passow
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Research Initiative

Research funded under the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative provided new insights into the biogeochemical processes influencing the fate of petroleum chemicals entering the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident. This overview of that work is based on detailed recent reviews of aspects of the biogeochemistry as well as on activities supported by the US Natural Resource Damage Assessment. The main topics presented here are distribution of hydrocarbons in the water column; the role of photo-oxidation of petroleum compounds at the air-sea interface; the role of particulates in the fate of the DWH hydrocarbons, especially marine oil snow (MOS) and marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA); oil deposition and accumulation in sediments; and fate of oil on beaches and in marshes. A brief discussion of bioaccumulation is also included. Microbial degradation is addressed in a separate paper in this special issue of Oceanography. Important future research recommendations include: conduct a more robust assessment of the mass balance of various chemical groupings and even individual chemicals during specific time intervals; seek a better understanding of the roles of photo-oxidation products, MOS, and MOSSFA and their relationships to microbial degradation; and determine the fates of the insoluble highly degraded and viscous oil residues in the environment.

Taiwan’s Composites and FRP Industries: Current Status and Future Developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Chen Chi M. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Made In

This presentation will illustrate the history, current status and future development of composite and FRP industry in Taiwan. This paper will present the characteristics of composites industry in Taiwan. The statistic survey of market and products of composite will be shown in details. Trend and development of FRP and Composites will be discussed. Unique products made in Taiwan will be described by several categories. The challenge and prospective aspects of Composite Industry will be discussed. Research and Development of Composite in Taiwan are critical to our industry which will be emphasized. International cooperation has been conducted which will be presented. Emphasis will be placed on the R&D of composites in Taiwan including: Basic research. Processing. Nanocomposites. “Green composites” and High-tech applications. Academia-industry cooperation will be discussed. International cooperation among academic institute, society/association and foreign industry will also be illustrated.

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