scholarly journals Challenges, solutions and research priorities for sustainable rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uffe N. Nielsen ◽  
Mark Stafford-Smith ◽  
Graciela I. Metternicht ◽  
Andrew Ash ◽  
Alex Baumber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Survey Responses

Australia’s rangeland communities, industries, and environment are under increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities and global changes more broadly. We conducted a horizon scan to identify and prioritise key challenges facing Australian rangelands and their communities, and outline possible avenues to address these challenges, with a particular focus on research priorities. We surveyed participants of the Australian Rangeland Society 20th Biennial Conference, held in Canberra in September 2019, before the conference and in interactive workshops during the conference, in order to identify key challenges, potential solutions, and research priorities. The feedback was broadly grouped into six themes associated with supporting local communities, managing natural capital, climate variability and change, traditional knowledge, governance, and research and development. Each theme had several sub-themes and potential solutions to ensure positive, long-term outcomes for the rangelands. The survey responses made it clear that supporting ‘resilient and sustainable rangelands that provide cultural, societal, environmental and economic outcomes simultaneously’ is of great value to stakeholders. The synthesis of survey responses combined with expert knowledge highlighted that sustaining local communities in the long term will require that the inherent social, cultural and natural capital of rangelands are managed sustainably, particularly in light of current and projected variability in climate. Establishment of guidelines and approaches to address these challenges will benefit from: (i) an increased recognition of the value and contributions of traditional knowledge and practices; (ii) development of better governance that is guided by and benefits local stakeholders; and (iii) more funding to conduct and implement strong research and development activities, with research focused on addressing critical knowledge gaps as identified by the local stakeholders. This requires strong governance with legislation and policies that work for the rangelands. We provide a framework that indicates the key knowledge gaps and how innovations may be implemented and scaled out, up and deep to achieve the resilience of Australia’s rangelands. The same principles could be adapted to address challenges in rangelands on other continents, with similar beneficial outcomes.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities in Sekerak Subdistrict, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zidni Ilman Navia ◽  
Adi Bejo Suwardi ◽  
Baihaqi Baihaqi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Plant Collections

Abstract. Navia ZI, Suwardi AB, Baihaqi. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities in Sekerak Subdistrict, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4273-4281. Local communities in Aceh Tamiang have gained a wealth of medicinal knowledge through practice and experience in their long-term battles with the disease. However, because of a lack of written records and rapid economic development, their traditional medicinal knowledge is under threat. This study investigated medicinal plants and related traditional knowledge of local communities in the Sekerak subdistrict, Aceh Taming, Indonesia. Field surveys, plant collections, and interviews with communities were used in this study. The Snowball Sampling technique was used to select 60 informants for the interviews. A total of 46 medicinal plant species belonging to 40 genera and 26 families were used for medicinal purposes by local communities to treat 28 different diseases. The itch, swelling, cough, and nosebleed were the most commonly treated. With a use-value index of 0.98, Tagetes erecta was the most commonly used medicinal plant by local communities. In addition, local communities identified the leaf (50%) as the most widely used plant part and oral administration (65%) as the most common method of administering traditional medicine. Elders have more knowledge of medicinal plants than younger generations, indicating that traditional knowledge is eroding across generations. However, initiatives to promote and conserve medicinal plants must be improved, particularly among the younger generation. This is required to ensure the availability of medicinal plants and the preservation of traditional knowledge in the future.

scholarly journals Natural capital preservation and sustainable management as a prerequisite for year-round tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Lidija Runko Luttenberger ◽  
Ivana Gudelj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing number of tourists wants to experience nature and at the same time have a positive impact on nature during their tourist stay. This paper presents the relationship between the preservation of natural capital of the locality and tourist season duration, as well as destination sustainable management and longevity. Tourism greatly depends on natural world, meaning the beauty of landscapes and seascapes and man's connection with nature itself. It simultaneously depends on local natural environment and exerts an impact thereon. Conservation and sustainable management of natural capital maybe achieved in various ways. Countries are attempting to preserve natural capital and to monitor its change through regular reporting, using selected indicators. Croatia should strive to preserve its unique natural resources and devise the tools to measure own performance with due consideration of its specific feature, all with the aim of ensuring sustainable all-year tourism. Finally, the paper considers comprehensively all pressures on natural environment exerted by tourism as well as benefits for the locality of preserving domestic natural capital in a long term, while ensuring the monitoring of changes in state thereof. A 'high value, low impact' approach would bring in the growing share of affluent nature-loving tourists throughout the year, thus reducing present tourism seasonality and highly negative impact on nature, local communities and microclimate change.

scholarly journals U.S. Military Investments in Autonomy and AI: Executive Summary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Konaev
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Executive Summary

Today’s research and development investments will set the course for artificial intelligence in national security in the coming years. This Executive Summary presents key findings and recommendations from CSET’s two-part analysis of U.S. military investments in autonomy and AI, including our assessment of DOD’s research priorities, trends and gaps, as well as ways to ensure U.S. military leadership in AI in the short and the long term.

The Impact of an International Literary Festival in a Tourist Destination

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-275
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Asero ◽  
Venera Tomaselli
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Place Image ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Cultural events create a variety of impacts on the local economy and communities of hosting places. The impacts generated can be of short- or long-term, positive or negative. Literature distinguishes the term ‘impact' from ‘legacy'. While impacts are focused on the economy effects in the short-term, legacy is referred to benefits that remains longer than the event itself. If residents and local stakeholders perceive benefits from an event, thus they will be supportive of hosting in the future. This chapter investigates the issue of literary festivals as tourism opportunity for a destination. It highlights the important role that festivals play within the local communities of the hosting place, including the facilitation of social cohesion and place image. It is based on the perceptions expressed by the different categories of local stakeholders involved in an international literary festival. The study reveals that evaluating and understanding the legacy effects of hosting a cultural event can provide managerial insights for planning, over time, events in a tourism destination.

scholarly journals An overview of the dialogue meetings initiated by ICRP in Japan after the Fukushima accident

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lochard ◽  
T. Schneider ◽  
R. Ando ◽  
O. Niwa ◽  
C. Clement ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Local Levels

In its recommendations for the protection of people living in long-term contaminated territories after a nuclear accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) emphasizes the effectiveness of directly involving the affected population and local professionals in the management of the situation, and the responsibility of authorities at both national and local levels to create the conditions and provide the means favouring the involvement and empowerment of the population. In this perspective, ICRP initiated in the fall 2011 a dialogue between representatives of the Fukushima Prefecture, local professionals, local communities and representatives of Belarusian, Norwegian and French organisations to find ways to respond to the challenges of the long-term rehabilitation of the living conditions in the territories affected by the Fukushima nuclear power plant. After a first series of twelve “ICRP Dialogue” meetings between 2011 and 2015 closed by an international workshop, a group of local stakeholders took over and organized a new series of eight “Fukushima Dialogue” meetings between 2016 and 2018. The article gives an overview of the dialogue meetings initiated by ICRP in Japan after the Fukushima nuclear accident.

Engineering for good: A case of community driven engineering innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinweike Eseonu ◽  
Martin A Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Consideration

There is a culture of disengagement from social consideration in engineering disciplines. This means that first year engineering students, who arrive planning to change the world through engineering, lose this passion as they progress through the engineering curriculum. The community driven technology innovation and investment program described in this paper is an attempt to reverse this trend by fusing community engagement with the normal engineering design process. This approach differs from existing project or trip based approaches – outreach – because the focus is on local communities with which the university team forms a long-term partnership through weekly in-person meetings and community driven problem statements – engagement.

Research for a sustainable European sugar sector

2010 ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Martin Bruhns ◽  
Peter Glaviè ◽  
Arne Sloth Jensen ◽  
Michael Narodoslawsky ◽  
Giorgio Pezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
European Technology

The paper is based on the results of international project entitled “Towards Sustainable Sugar Industry in Europe (TOSSIE)”. 33 research topics of major importance to the sugar sector are listed and briefly described, and compared with research priorities of the European Technology Platforms: “Food for Life”, “Sustainable Chemistry”, “Biofuels”, and “Plant for the Future”. Most topics are compatible with the research themes included in the COOPERATION part of the 7th Framework Program of the EU (2007-2013). However, some topics may require long-term R&D with the time horizon of up to 15 years. The list of topics is divided into four parts: Sugar manufacturing, Applications of biotechnology and biorefinery processing, Sugarbeet breeding and growing, Horizontal issues. Apart from possible use of the list by policy- and decision makers with an interest in sugarbeet sector, the description of each research topic can be used as a starting point in setting up a research project or other R&D activities.

Emotion Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Emily Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. Although current diagnostic conceptualizations of ASD do not include emotional difficulties as core deficits, the disorder is associated with emotion dysregulation across the lifespan, with considerable implications for long-term psychological, social, and educational outcomes. The overarching goal of this chapter is to integrate existing knowledge of emotion dysregulation in ASD and identify areas for further investigation. The chapter reviews the prevalence and expressions of emotion dysregulation in ASD, discusses emerging theoretical models that frame emotion dysregulation as an inherent (rather than associated) feature of ASD, presents neurobiological findings and mechanisms related to emotion dysregulation in ASD, and identifies continuing controversies and resulting research priorities.

scholarly journals Long-term views on chronic kidney disease research priorities among stakeholders engaged in a priority-setting partnership: A qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan J. Elliott ◽  
Joanna E. M. Sale ◽  
Zahra Goodarzi ◽  
Linda Wilhelm ◽  
Andreas Laupacis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Priority Setting Partnership

scholarly journals Common hand and wrist conditions: creation of UK research priorities defined by a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044207
Author(s):  
Alexia Karantana ◽  
Tim Davis ◽  
Donna Kennedy ◽  
Debbie Larson ◽  
Dominic Furniss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Priority Setting ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Charitable Organisation ◽  
James Lind Alliance ◽  
Treatment Uncertainties ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Priority Setting Partnership

ObjectivePrioritisation of important treatment uncertainties for ‘Common Conditions Affecting the Hand and Wrist’ via a UK-based James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership.SettingThis process was funded by a national charitable organisation and based in the UK.ParticipantsAnyone with experience of common conditions affecting the adult hand and wrist, including patients, carers and healthcare professionals. All treatment modalities delivered by a hand specialist, including therapists, surgeons or other allied professionals, were considered.InterventionsEstablished James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership methods were employed.Electronic and paper questionnaires identified potential uncertainties. These were subsequently confirmed using relevant, up-to-date systematic reviews. A final list of top 10 research uncertainties was developed via a face-to-face workshop with representation from patients and clinicians. Impact of research was sought by surveying hand clinicians electronically.Outcome measuresThe survey responses and prioritisation—both survey and workshop based.ResultsThere were 889 individually submitted questions from the initial survey, refined to 59 uncertainties across 32 themes. Eight additional uncertainties were added from published literature before prioritisation by 261 participants and the workshop allowed the final top 10 list to be finalised. The top 10 has so far contributed to the award of over £3.8 million of competitively awarded funding.ConclusionsThe Common Conditions in the Hand and Wrist Priority Setting Partnership identified important research questions and has allowed research funders to identify grant applications which are important to both patients and clinicians

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