A Comparative Pilot Study of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Jensen ◽  
Sanjiv Kumra ◽  
Willa Leitten ◽  
Joel Oberstar ◽  
Afshan Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Variables Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Using Second-Generation Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius H. Sneller ◽  
Nini de Boer ◽  
Sophie Everaars ◽  
Max Schuurmans ◽  
Sinan Guloksuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Individuals with severe mental illness experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. Adverse effects of antipsychotics, including weight gain, may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of clinical, biochemical and genetic factors associated with MetS among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using second-generation antipsychotics (SGA).Methods: A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Embase to identify all cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and clinical trials investigating associations with MetS in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using SGAs. We extracted and enumerated clinical, biochemical and genetic factors reported to be associated with MetS. We defined factors associated with MetS as factors being reported as associated with MetS in two or more studies.Results: 58 studies were included in this review (n = 12,123). In total, 62 factors were found to be associated with increased risk of MetS. Thirty one out of 58 studies investigated factors that were reported as associated with MetS in two or more studies. With regard to clinical factors, we found gender, higher age, concomitant use of mood stabilizers, higher baseline and current BMI, earlier SGA exposure, higher dose, longer duration of treatment, psychosis and tobacco smoking to be significantly associated with MetS. Furthermore, the biochemical factors hypo-adiponectinemia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and higher white blood cell (WBC) count were identified as factors associated with MetS. Among pharmacogenetic factors, the rs1414334 C-allele of the HTR2C-gene was associated with MetS in patients using SGA.Conclusion: In this systematic review investigating clinical, biochemical and genetic factors associated with MetS in patients using SGAs we found that higher age, higher baseline BMI, higher current BMI and male as well as female gender were positively associated with MetS across all antipsychotics. This study may set the stage for the application of clinical, biochemical and genetic factors to predict the risk of developing MetS in patients using SGAs. Future research is needed to determine which patients using SGAs are at risk to develop MetS in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Change in Prolactin Levels in Pediatric Patients Given Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakrapani Balijepalli ◽  
Eric Druyts ◽  
Michael J. Zoratti ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Salmaan Kanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Population Treatment

Background. Treatment of schizophrenia with first- and second-generation antipsychotics has been associated with elevated prolactin levels, which may increase the risk for prolactin-related adverse events. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in a recent systematic review were considered for this analysis. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to compare changes in prolactin levels in pediatric patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Results. Five RCTs, including 989 patients combined, have evaluated the changes in prolactin for pediatric patients after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and paliperidone. In the overall study population, treatment with risperidone was associated with the highest increase in mean prolactin levels compared to other SGAs. Patients treated with risperidone 4–6 mg/day were found to experience the greatest increases (55.06 ng/ml [95% CrI: 40.53–69.58]) in prolactin levels, followed by risperidone 1–3 mg/day, paliperidone 3–6 mg/day, and paliperidone 6–12 mg/day. Conclusions. This study shows that there are differences in SGAs ability to cause hyperprolactinemia. Further, there is clear evidence of safety concerns with risperidone and paliperidone treatment in adolescent schizophrenia patients. Registration. PROSPERO CRD42014009506.

A Pilot Study Describing Physical Activity in Persons with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDS) after an Exercise Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora Humphrey Beebe ◽  
Kathlene D. Smith ◽  
Marian W. Roman ◽  
Renee C. Burk ◽  
Kelly McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Examining side effect variation of antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Neumeier ◽  
Stephanie Homan ◽  
Stefan Vetter ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
John M. Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Right

Background: Side effects of antipsychotic drugs play a key role in non-adherence and discontinuation of treatment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Precision medicine aims to minimize such side effects by selecting the right treatment for the right patient. However, to determine the extent of precision medicine that is required, we need to (1) show that there is indeed variation in side effects and (2) estimate the amount of variation in those side effects between patients. While clinical observations suggest that such variation may be considerable, a statistical comparison of side effect variation between active and control treatments is required to confirm this. Here, we hypothesized to find larger side effect variation in treatment compared with control in patients treated with first and second generation antipsychotics. Methods: We included double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with a diagnosis of SSD and prescription for licensed antipsychotic drugs. Standard deviations of the pre-post treatment differences of weight gain, prolactin levels,and corrected QT (QTc) times were extracted. Data quality and validity were ensured by following the PRISMA guidelines. The outcome measure was the overall variability ratio of treatment to control across RCTs. Individual variability ratios were weighted by the inverse-variance method and entered into a random-effects model. Results: We included N = 16578 patients for weight gain, N = 16633 patients for prolactin levels, and N = 10384 patients for QTc time. Variability ratios (VR) were significantly increased for weight gain (VR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.14; P = 0.004) and prolactin levels (VR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.17 - 1.62; P < 0.001) but did not reach significance for QTc time (VR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.98 - 1.12; P = 0.135). Conclusion: We found increased variability in major side effects in patients with SSD under treatment with second generation antipsychotics, suggesting that subgroups of patients or even individual patients may benefit from improved treatment allocation through stratified or personalized medicine, respectively.

Sustained Attention, Visual Processing Speed, and IQ in Children and Adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Psychosis Not otherwise Specified

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McCarthy ◽  
Keith Kraseski ◽  
Inika Schvartz ◽  
Veronica Mercado ◽  
Nicole Daisy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

To investigate the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders and Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, 22 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients and day-hospital patients at a state psychiatric hospital with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders, 30 with Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, and 130 with other psychiatric disorders, ages 8 to 17 years, were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–III for psychological assessment at admission. The Performance IQs of the ADHD and the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder groups were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum and the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified groups, and the Full Scale IQs of the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder group were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum group and the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified group. The Coding scores of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the Schizophrenia Spectrum, the Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, and the Bipolar Disorder groups. There was a significant negative correlation between age and Digit Span for the Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders group.

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