Carol Anne Bond v the United States of America: How a Woman Scorned Threatened the Chemical Weapons Convention

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Anna Muldoon ◽  
Sarah Kornblet ◽  
Rebecca Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Chemical Weapons Convention

scholarly journals The Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act: United States Control Over Exports

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
Rex J. Zedalis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Export Control ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Military Application ◽  
Chemical Weapons Convention ◽  
The Military ◽  
Total Sales

During 1994, the total sales value of chemicals exported from the United States exceeded $51 billion, up 15 percent over the previous year and resulting in the chemical sector outpacing all other sectors that finished the year with favorable trade balances. Chemicals leaving the United States were shipped under the control provisions of both the Department of Commerce's Export Administration Regulations (EAR), and the Department of State's International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). Though this is something of an oversimplification, the EAR basically concerns itself with products that have civilian application, and the ITAR with products of use to the military. Currently, the Commodity Control List of the EAR, overseen by Commerce's Office of Export Licensing within the Bureau of Export Administration, identifies fifty-four chemicals and ten toxins as intermediate agents and precursors to chemical weapons subject to export regulation. The Munitions List of the ITAR, administered by the Office of Defense Trade Controls of the State Department's Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, identifies twenty-two chemicals as subject to regulation and cautions that this listing is merely illustrative, as any “chemical agent,” defined as “a substance having military application,” is subject to export control.

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