Association Between Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Spontaneous Fluctuation and Degree Centrality in Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Sato ◽  
Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli ◽  
Luciana Monteiro Moura ◽  
Nicolas Crossley ◽  
André Zugman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuation

scholarly journals Evaluation of spontaneous regional brain activity in weight-recovered anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Seidel ◽  
Daniel Geisler ◽  
Viola Borchardt ◽  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Fabio Bernardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Cortical Grey Matter ◽  
Regional Brain Activity

AbstractWhereas research using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) reports sizable grey matter reductions in patients suffering from acute anorexia nervosa (AN) to be largely reversible already after short-term weight gain, many task-based and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies suggest persistent brain alterations even after long-term weight rehabilitation. First investigations into spontaneous regional brain activity using voxel-wise resting-state measures found widespread abnormalities in acute AN, but no studies have compared intrinsic brain activity properties in weight-recovered individuals with a history of AN (recAN) with healthy controls (HCs). SMRI and RSFC data were analysed from a sample of 130 female volunteers: 65 recAN and 65 pairwise age-matched HC. Cortical grey matter thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs), mean-square successive difference (MSSD), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VHMC), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. SMRI and RSFC data were analysed from a sample of 130 female volunteers: 65 recAN and 65 pairwise age-matched HCs. Cortical grey matter thickness was assessed using FreeSurfer software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), mean-square successive difference (MSSD), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VHMC), and degree centrality (DC) were calculated. Abnormal regional homogeneity found in acute AN seems to normalize in recAN, supporting assumptions of a state rather than a trait marker. Aberrant fALFF values in the cerebellum and the infertior temporal gyrus could possibly hint towards trait factors or a scar (the latter, e.g., from prolonged periods of undernutrition), warranting further longitudinal research.

Clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1614-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Masuda ◽  
Shinichiro Nakajima ◽  
Takahiro Miyazaki ◽  
Ryosuke Tarumi ◽  
Kamiyu Ogyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, are common in children and adolescents, but treatment strategies remain limited. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been studied for neurodevelopmental disorders, there is no clear consensus on its therapeutic effects. This systematic review examined literature on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders published up to 2018 using the PubMed database. The search identified 264 articles and 14 articles met eligibility criteria. Twelve of these studies used conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and two studies used theta burst stimulation. No severe adverse effects were reported in these studies. In patients with autism spectrum disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and intermittent theta burst stimulation applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may have therapeutic effects on social functioning and repetitive behaviors. In patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may target inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In patients with tic disorders, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the bilateral supplementary motor area improved tic symptom severity. This systematic review suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising intervention for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. The results warrant further large randomized controlled trials of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals The variable heart: High frequency and very low frequency correlates of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia D. Blood ◽  
Jia Wu ◽  
Tara M. Chaplin ◽  
Rebecca Hommer ◽  
Lauren Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Very Low Frequency

Defining Accelerometer Nonwear Time to Maximize Detection of Sedentary Time in Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Cain ◽  
Edith Bonilla ◽  
Terry L. Conway ◽  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Carrie M. Geremia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Normal Filter ◽  
Model Filter ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vector Magnitude

Purpose: The present study examined various accelerometer nonwear definitions and their impact on detection of sedentary time using different ActiGraph models, filters, and axes. Methods: In total, 61 youth (34 children and 27 adolescents; aged 5–17 y) wore a 7164 and GT3X+ ActiGraph on a hip-worn belt during a 90-minute structured sedentary activity. Data from GT3X+ were downloaded using the Normal filter (N) and low-frequency extension (LFE), and vertical axis (V) and vector magnitude (VM) counts were examined. Nine nonwear definitions were applied to the 7164 model (V), GT3X+LFE (V and VM), and GT3X+N (V and VM), and sedentary estimates were computed. Results: The GT3X+LFE-VM was most sensitive to movement and could accurately detect observed sedentary time with the shortest nonwear definition of 20 minutes of consecutive “0” counts for children and 40 minutes for adolescents. The GT3X+N-V was least sensitive to movement and required longer definitions to detect observed sedentary time (40 min for children and 90 min for adolescents). VM definitions were 10 minutes shorter than V definitions. LFE definitions were 40 minutes shorter than N definitions in adolescents. Conclusion: Different nonwear definitions are needed for children and adolescents and for different model-filter-axis types. Authors need to consider nonwear definitions when comparing prevalence rates of sedentary behavior across studies.

scholarly journals Risk factors of fashioning of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents (based on the analysis of regional posthumous forensic evaluation)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
K.V. Syrokvashina ◽  
D.S. Oshevsky ◽  
V.D. Badmaeva ◽  
E.G. Dozortseva ◽  
E.V. Makushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Forensic Evaluation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Regions Of Russia

On the basis of a specially developed statistical matrix, which includes more than 50 parameters, 179 conclusions of post-mortem complex forensic psychiatric-psychological expertises carried out in various regions of Russia were analyzed. Typical psychological and psychopathological factors in genesis of suicidal behavior of children and adolescents were identified. The article describes the main psychic disorders diagnosed in minors, among which a high percentage of psychogenic states is noteworthy. Special attention is paid to suicidal statements and attempts, addictive behavior in the pre-suicidal period, adolescents’ means of communication (social networks). The extremely low frequency of requests for specialized assistance to specialists (psychiatrists, psychologists) was noted. It indicates the increased need for psychoeducational measures among the general population. The prospects of interdisciplinary research, which can reveal more differentiated characteristics of suicidal behavior in minors, are outlined.

scholarly journals Baroreflex sensitivity is reduced in obese normotensive children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lazarova ◽  
Ingrid Tonhajzerova ◽  
Zuzana Trunkvalterova ◽  
Andrea Brozmanova ◽  
Natasa Honzíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
Rate Oscillations ◽  
Over Time

Obesity is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity, an indicator of autonomic nervous function, in 20 obese children and adolescents in comparison with 20 age- and sex-matched nonobese subjects. All subjects were examined in the supine position over a period of 50 min. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and RR intervals were monitored continuously. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by cross-spectral analysis of SBP and RR interval oscillations (BRS index) and SBP and heart rate oscillations (BRSf index) within the low frequency range (0.04–0.15 Hz). Sensitivity was determined in 3 time intervals of 3 min each to evaluate changes during rest. The BRS index was significantly lower in obese children and adolescents than in the nonobese control group (p = 0.002). Significant changes in the BRS index over time (p = 0.004) were found only in nonobese subjects. In contrast, the BRSf index increased over time in both groups (p = 0.01), and no significant between-group difference was detected. In conclusion, obese children and adolescents show decreased resting baroreflex sensitivity with less variation compared with nonobese subjects. The BRS and BRSf indices appear to be only partially correlated.

scholarly journals Scoliosis in children: new approaches to the solution of important medical and social problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
A. G Kulikov ◽  
Tatiana N. Zaytseva ◽  
O. P Pyzhevskaya ◽  
E. R Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
New Approaches

Scoliosis, the most prevalent orthopaedic condition affecting children and adolescents, may have long-lasting medical and social consequences. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the possibilities and practicability of the application of a low-frequency electrostatic field for the conservative treatment of grade I and II scoliosis in children. The electrostatic field is shown to promote the development of vibrations of varying strength in biological tissues and their penetration rather deeply into their interior. We examined and treated 94 children divided into two groups matchedfor the age and major clinical manifestation of the disease. All the patients received basic therapy. Patients from the study group were additionally given low-frequency electrostatic therapy. The application of a low-frequency electrostatic field for the conservative treatment of grade I and II scoliosis in the children was shown both to significantly increase its effectiveness and facilitate regression of scoliosis.

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