scholarly journals Baroreflex sensitivity is reduced in obese normotensive children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lazarova ◽  
Ingrid Tonhajzerova ◽  
Zuzana Trunkvalterova ◽  
Andrea Brozmanova ◽  
Natasa Honzíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
Rate Oscillations ◽  
Over Time

Obesity is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate baroreflex sensitivity, an indicator of autonomic nervous function, in 20 obese children and adolescents in comparison with 20 age- and sex-matched nonobese subjects. All subjects were examined in the supine position over a period of 50 min. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and RR intervals were monitored continuously. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by cross-spectral analysis of SBP and RR interval oscillations (BRS index) and SBP and heart rate oscillations (BRSf index) within the low frequency range (0.04–0.15 Hz). Sensitivity was determined in 3 time intervals of 3 min each to evaluate changes during rest. The BRS index was significantly lower in obese children and adolescents than in the nonobese control group (p = 0.002). Significant changes in the BRS index over time (p = 0.004) were found only in nonobese subjects. In contrast, the BRSf index increased over time in both groups (p = 0.01), and no significant between-group difference was detected. In conclusion, obese children and adolescents show decreased resting baroreflex sensitivity with less variation compared with nonobese subjects. The BRS and BRSf indices appear to be only partially correlated.

scholarly journals Autonomic Nervous Function in Vasovagal Syncope of Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Tao ◽  
Chaoshu Tang ◽  
Selena Chen ◽  
Hongfang Jin ◽  
Junbao Du
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Autonomic Nervous Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous Function

scholarly journals Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955651985378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jun Ba ◽  
Ling-Ling Xu ◽  
You-Zhen Qin ◽  
Hong-Shan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate serum chemerin concentrations in obese children and adolescents and to investigate the associations of chemerin with body mass index (BMI), lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity. Methods: Forty-eight obese and 40 nonobese Chinese children and adolescents were included in the study. BMI and levels of chemerin, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured following an overnight fast. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) were determined for all participants. Results: Serum chemerin levels were found to be significantly higher in obese children and adolescents than in control group members (94.83 ± 5.99 ng/mL vs 56.43 ± 4.16 ng/mL, P < .001). There were significant correlations between chemerin and age, BMI, BMI-SDS, total triglyceride (TG) levels, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. After controlling for age, we found that chemerin levels were also significantly correlated with BMI-SDS (r =+ 0.284, P = .008) and HOMA-IR (r =+ 0.241, P = .034). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, we observed only BMI-SDS to be an important determinant of chemerin level. Conclusions: In our sample of Chinese children and adolescents, chemerin levels were significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group. Chemerin levels were positively correlated with BMI-SDS and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with age. We thus believe that further study is necessary to investigate the risk of metabolic abnormalities in young obese children and adolescents.

Deep breathing improves blunted baroreflex sensitivity in obese children and adolescents with insulin resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 1614-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Calcaterra ◽  
M. Vandoni ◽  
G. Debarbieri ◽  
D. Larizza ◽  
R. Albertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Obese Children

scholarly journals PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF CHILDREN OBESITY BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1103
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Ohniev ◽  
Kateryna H. Pomohaibo ◽  
Mihail I. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Primary Medical Care ◽  
Children Obesity ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The aim: Of the work was to study and evaluate the risk factors and the level of primary medical care for children with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in main (413 persons) and control group (396 persons) and the copying from the history of the child’s development (f.112/a) of 280 obese children was conducted. Results: It was defined that on the development of excess weight in children and adolescents, biological and social and hygienic factors had a significant impact (η ≥ 3%; p<0,001) and that the level of primary medical care for obese children (proved diagnosis of obesity in the history of the child (f. №.112/а) had only 61,7±2,7% of patients) was insufficient. Conclusions: Identification of comprehensive priority activities for solving problem of children overweight and obesity based on the results of conducted research were done.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Grzyb ◽  
Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽  
Andrzej Siwiec ◽  
Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec ◽  
Andrzej Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background: One of the objective methods of assessing the level of cardiopulmonary capacity in overweight and obese children and adolescents is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Aims: The purpose of present study is an evaluation of aerobic capacity in high body mass index (BMI) children and adolescents by comparing them with a normal weight control group by CPET.Methods and Procedures: The subjects were recruited from participants of the Program of Treatment for Overweight and Obese Children organized by a local pediatric rehabilitation center in Poland. Based on BMI for age and gender, two validation groups were selected: (1) a group of overweight children (n = 49) and (2) a group of obese children (n = 48). The study included also 53 normal weight participants as a reference group (REF). The study consisted of two parts: anthropometric measurements and CPET. The Godfrey protocol for CPET was applied.Outcomes and Results: In this study, obese children and adolescents showed similar absolute VO2peak values in liters per minute (1.64 L/min) compared to overweight children (1.48 L/min), but significantly higher than children with normal body weight (1.39 L/min). The obese children and adolescents presented lower VO2peak in relation to body weight (25.44 ml/kg/min) compared to their peers with normal body weight (36.5 ml/kg/min), and overweight children (29.18 ml/kg/min).Conclusion and Implications: The main finding of our study was recognition of significant differences between cardiopulmonary capacity parameters in obese children in comparison not only to normal weight peers, but to overweight, too.

Occlusal traits and longitudinal dental changes in children and adolescents with congenital or childhood onset myotonic dystrophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Fontinha ◽  
Monica Engvall ◽  
Lotta Sjögreen ◽  
Åsa Mårtensson ◽  
Anne-Berit Ekström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Summary Background/objectives This research aimed to study the malocclusions of children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), in respect to healthy individuals, and trace the occlusal changes that occurred in these individuals during growth. Materials/methods Thirty-six dental casts, from children and adolescents with DM1 living in western and southern Sweden, were compared with a control group of 50 healthy individuals. To identify potential changes in occlusal traits, 26 casts were assessed and followed-up over a median time of 9 years. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare the two groups and their changes over time. Paired samples t-tests tested changes over time within each group (P &lt; 0.05). Results DM1 patients had a higher prevalence of anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, and Class III malocclusions. When compared to controls, patients presented smaller upper and lower intermolar as well as intercanine widths. In both groups, the individuals revealed longitudinal changes with a decrease in both upper and lower arch lengths and an increase on the palatal vault height. During the follow-up period, the prevalence of malocclusions remained almost the same, only significantly differing regarding the changes that occurred between groups referred to the upper intermolar width, which decreased among DM1 patients. Conclusions/implications In comparison to healthy controls, children and adolescents with DM1 have shown already at an early age a higher prevalence of both anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. These occlusal traits did not change with time apart from the upper narrow intermolar width, which further decreased with time.

Cardiac sympathetic overactivity and decreased baroreflex sensitivity in l-NAME hypertensive rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. H844-H850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo C. D. Souza ◽  
Gustavo Ballejo ◽  
Maria Cristina O. Salgado ◽  
Valdo J. Dias Da Silva ◽  
Helio C. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sympathetic Overactivity

The present study evaluated the possible changes in the autonomic control of heart rate in the hypertensive model induced by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Rats were treated with N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME group) in the drinking water during 7 days, whereas control groups were treated with tap water (control group) or with the N G-nitro-d-arginine methyl ester (d-NAME group), an inactive isomer of thel-NAME molecule. The l-NAME group developed hypertension and tachycardia. The sequential blockade of the autonomic influences with propranolol and methylatropine indicated that the intrinsic heart rate did not differ among groups and revealed a sympathetic overactivity in the control of heart rate in thel-NAME group. The spectral density power of heart rate, calculated using fast-Fourier transformation, indicated a reduced variability in the low-frequency band (0.20–0.60 Hz) for thel-NAME group. The baroreflex sensitivity was also attenuated in these animals when compared with the normotensive control or d-NAME group. Overall, these data indicate cardiac sympathetic overactivity associated with a decreased baroreflex sensitivity in l-NAME hypertensive rats.

scholarly journals Causal Baroreflex Sensitivity Analysis in Obese Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Javorka ◽  
Ingrid Tonhajzerova ◽  
Zuzana Turianikova ◽  
Barbora Czippelova ◽  
Lenka Chladekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Obese Children

scholarly journals Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Obese Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duicu Carmen ◽  
Mărginean Cristina Oana ◽  
Pitea Ana Maria ◽  
Melit Lorena Elena
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate differences regarding 24-hour blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a cohort of office normotensive obese and non-obese children and adolescents, and to evaluate correlations of these parameters with some anthropometric indices. We retrospectively evaluated ABPM records in 71 children (42 boys); 31 obese compared with 40 normal-weight children.Results: Mean 24-hour, day-time and night-time SBP was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (p <0.01 during the entire period). Significantly higher AASI values were found in obese children compared to controls (0.45 vs. 0.41, p <0.05), the difference being more obvious for day-time AASI (p <0.001).Conclusions: This research confirms that SBP and AASI are increased in obese children. AASI is a useful index of arterial stiffness that can be easily measured under ambulatory circumstances in children.

scholarly journals The effects of overweight and obesity on oral health status in children and adolescents

New Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Deszczyńska ◽  
Paweł Piątkiewicz ◽  
Renata Górska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Periodontal Health

Introduction. Improper eating habits among children and adolescents often lead to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that these are risk factors for many diseases, including diseases in the oral cavity. Aim. To analyse the correlations of selected parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status in overweight and obese children and adolescents versus control group. Material and methods. The study included 120 patients aged 11-18 years, who were classified into a study group with 60 overweight/obese individuals and a control group of 60 individuals with normal body weight based on BMI (Body Mass Index). Each patient underwent anthropometric measurements, such as height (cm), body weight (kg), which were used to calculate BMI. Additional measurements were taken of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), to obtain the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Clinical examination of the oral cavity included an assessment of dentition (DMF), oral hygiene API (Approximal Plaque Index) and periodontal tissue (PD ? Pocket Depth, CAL ? Clinical Attachment Level, %BOP ? % Bleeding On Probing) and CPITN (The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs). Results. Statistically significant differences were found between patient groups with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25 in the values of the following parameters: DMF p = 0.005, API p < 0.001, %BOP p < 0.001, PD p < 0.001, CPI p < 0.001. Conclusions. Overweight and obese children were found to have worse parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status compared to the group with normal weight. Our observations indicate that overweight and obesity may be potential risk factors for periodontal diseases in the study group.

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