Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Applications for the In Situ Measurement of Nonvolatile Organics at Ocean Worlds

Astrobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1196-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Waller ◽  
Anton Belousov ◽  
Richard D. Kidd ◽  
Dragan Nikolić ◽  
Stojan M. Madzunkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass

scholarly journals Chlorine activation by N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>: simultaneous, in situ detection of ClNO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by chemical ionization mass spectrometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kercher ◽  
T. P. Riedel ◽  
J. A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Nitrate Anion ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
In Situ Detection

Abstract. We report a new method for the simultaneous in situ detection of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). The technique relies on the formation and detection of iodide ion-molecule clusters, I(ClNO2)− and I(N2O5)−. The novel N2O5 detection scheme is direct. It does not suffer from high and variable chemical interferences, which are associated with the typical method of nitrate anion detection. We address the role of water vapor, electric field strength, and instrument zero determinations, which influence the overall sensitivity and detection limit of this method. For both species, the method demonstrates high sensitivity (>1 Hz/pptv), precision (~10% for 100 pptv in 1 s), and accuracy (~20%), the latter ultimately determined by the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) cylinder calibration standard and characterization of inlet effects. For the typically low background signals (<10 Hz) and high selectivity, we estimate signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of 2 for 1 pptv in 60 s averages, but uncertainty associated with the instrumental zero currently leads to an ultimate detection limit of ~5 pptv for both species. We validate our approach for the simultaneous in situ measurement of ClNO2 and N2O5 while on board the Research Vessel (RV) Knorr as part of the ICEALOT 2008 Field Campaign.

scholarly journals Quantification of hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde using chemical ionization mass spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 23619-23653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Spencer ◽  
M. R. Beaver ◽  
J. M. St. Clair ◽  
J. D. Crounse ◽  
F. Paulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Direct Separation ◽  
In Situ Detection

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) enables online, fast, in situ detection and quantification of hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde. Two different CIMS approaches are demonstrated employing the strengths of single quadrupole mass spectrometry and triple quadrupole (tandem) mass spectrometry. Both methods are capable of the measurement of hydroxyacetone, an analyte with minimal isobaric interferences. Tandem mass spectrometry provides direct separation of the isobaric compounds glycolaldehyde and acetic acid using distinct, collision-induced dissociation daughter ions. Measurement of hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde by these methods was demonstrated during the ARCTAS-CARB 2008 campaign and the BEARPEX 2009 campaign. Enhancement ratios of these compounds in ambient biomass burning plumes are reported for the ARCTAS-CARB campaign. BEARPEX observations are compared to simple photochemical box model predictions of biogenic volatile organic compound oxidation at the site.

scholarly journals Chlorine activation by N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>: simultaneous, in situ detection of ClNO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by chemical ionization mass spectrometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kercher ◽  
T. P. Riedel ◽  
J. A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Nitrate Anion ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
In Situ Detection

Abstract. We report a new method for the simultaneous in situ detection of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). The technique relies on the formation and detection of iodide ion-molecule clusters, I(ClNO2)− and I(N2O5)−. The novel N2O5 detection scheme is direct. It does not suffer from high and variable chemical interferences, which are associated with the typical method of nitrate anion detection. We address the role of water vapor, CDC electric field strength, and instrument zero determinations, which influence the overall sensitivity and detection limit of this method. For both species, the method demonstrates high sensitivity (>1 Hz/pptv), precision (~10% for 100 pptv in 1 s), and accuracy (~20%), the latter ultimately determined by the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) cylinder calibration standard and characterization of inlet effects. For the typically low background signals (<10 Hz) and high selectivity, we estimate signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of 2 for 1 pptv in 60 s averages, but uncertainty associated with the instrumental zero currently leads to an ultimate detection limit of ~5 pptv for both species. We validate our approach for the simultaneous in situ measurement of ClNO2 and N2O5 while on board the R/V Knorr as part of the ICEALOT 2008 Field Campaign.

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