Virological Response and Drug Resistance 1 and 2 Years Post-Partum in HIV-Infected Women Initiated on Life-Long Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Mancinelli ◽  
Clementina Maria Galluzzo ◽  
Mauro Andreotti ◽  
Giuseppe Liotta ◽  
Haswel Jere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Post Partum

scholarly journals Virological Response and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Emerging during Antiretroviral Therapy at Three Treatment Centers in Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0145536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontiano Kaleebu ◽  
Wilford Kirungi ◽  
Christine Watera ◽  
Juliet Asio ◽  
Fred Lyagoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug

scholarly journals Drug resistance in HIV patients with virological failure or slow virological response to antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemseged Abdissa ◽  
Daniel Yilma ◽  
Jannik Fonager ◽  
Anne M Audelin ◽  
Lone H Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Hiv Patients

scholarly journals Relating CYP2B6 Genotype and EFV Resistance Among Women Living With HIV With High Viremia in Uganda: A Nested Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN BUZIBYE ◽  
Kara Wools-Kaloustian ◽  
Adeniyi Olagunju ◽  
Ellon Twinomuhwezi ◽  
Constantin Yiannoutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract BackgroundWe investigated the association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and efavirenz drug resistance among women living with HIV started on anti-retroviral therapy during pregnancy and with high viremia during post-partum.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study. Women between 6-12 weeks post-partum with viral load >1000 copies/ml were eligible. Sanger sequencing to detect resistant mutations and host genotyping were performed. We categorized efavirenz metabolizer genotype according to the AIDS clinical trials group algorithm as slow, intermediate and extensive; and compared efavirenz resistance among the metabolizer genotypes.Results Over a one-year period (July 2017-July 2018), three hundred and thirty two women were screened of whom 112 (34.8%) had viral load ≥1000 copies/ml of whom 62 had whole blood available for genotyping. Fifty-nine of these women had both viral resistance and human host genotypic results. We observed a higher frequency of efavirenz resistance among slow metabolizers (47% versus 34% in extensive and 28% in intermediate, metabolizers) but due to low numbers, this was not statistically significant. ConclusionsOur findings raise the possibility that CYP2B6 polymorphism may contribute to efavirenz drug resistance in women started on antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and with high viremia in the post-partum period. If confirmed in a larger study, this would have important implications for all patients in sub-Saharan Africa receiving efavirenz and add further support to the changes in World Health Organization policy to switch away from efavirenz as first line antiretroviral therapy in countries with a high prevalence of CYP2B6 polymorphisms.

HIV Type 1 Virological Response and Prevalence of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy, Shandong, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1658-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Dianmin Kang ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Xiaoguang Sun ◽  
Jihua Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Hiv Type 1

scholarly journals Virological Response and HIV Drug Resistance 12 Months After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation at 2 Clinics in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. S375-S380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ugbena ◽  
J. Aberle-Grasse ◽  
K. Diallo ◽  
O. Bassey ◽  
T. Jelpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Therapy Initiation

Emerging Trends in the Long-acting Antiretroviral Therapy: Current Status and Therapeutic Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajpushpa Labh ◽  
Rachna Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Current Status ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Reservoirs ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Long Acting

: Antiretroviral drug therapy has significantly improved the prognosis and life expectancy of People Living with HIV over the years. But this progress comes with an important caveat that antiretroviral regimens generally require adherence to life-long, daily dosing, to keep viral multiplication under check. Non-adherence to such dosing leads to decreased efficacy and increased drug resistance against antiretroviral drugs. Besides, poor drug penetration to certain tissues like CNS and lymph nodes leads to build-up of viral reservoirs in these sites. To combat some of these challenges and improve patient compliance, long-acting antiretroviral drugs, are a new weapon in the arsenal, in fight against HIV. Few long acting preparations have been approved, and several others are in various clinical and preclinical stages of development. However, longacting formulations also have their share of clinical issues like limited drug distribution, long term adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, and gradual development of drug resistance. Modern technological premises are being tested to mitigate some of these problems. One such promising approach involves nanotechnological methods, which are being used to develop ultra-long acting formulations and drug delivery systems, targeting tissues with residual HIV concentration. LongActing Slow Effective Release Antiretroviral Therapy aka LASER ART, also builds on nanotechnology and prodrug modifications to design preparations with tailor-made favorable pharmacokinetics and wider drug distribution. These recent advances are fueling the progression of antiretroviral therapy towards eliminating the disease.

scholarly journals HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Li ◽  
Shujia Liang ◽  
Chao Zhou ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Shu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Therapy Interruption ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Patients with antiretroviral therapy interruption have a high risk of virological failure when re-initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially those with HIV drug resistance. Next-generation sequencing may provide close scrutiny on their minority drug resistance variant. A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with ART interruption in five regions in China in 2016. Through Sanger and next-generation sequencing in parallel, HIV drug resistance was genotyped on their plasma samples. Rates of HIV drug resistance were compared by the McNemar tests. In total, 174 patients were included in this study, with a median 12 (interquartile range (IQR), 6–24) months of ART interruption. Most (86.2%) of them had received efavirenz (EFV)/nevirapine (NVP)-based first-line therapy for a median 16 (IQR, 7–26) months before ART interruption. Sixty-one (35.1%) patients had CRF07_BC HIV-1 strains, 58 (33.3%) CRF08_BC and 35 (20.1%) CRF01_AE. Thirty-four (19.5%) of the 174 patients were detected to harbor HIV drug-resistant variants on Sanger sequencing. Thirty-six (20.7%), 37 (21.3%), 42 (24.1%), 79 (45.4%) and 139 (79.9) patients were identified to have HIV drug resistance by next-generation sequencing at 20% (v.s. Sanger, p = 0.317), 10% (v.s. Sanger, p = 0.180), 5% (v.s. Sanger, p = 0.011), 2% (v.s. Sanger, p < 0.001) and 1% (v.s. Sanger, p < 0.001) of detection thresholds, respectively. K65R was the most common minority mutation, of 95.1% (58/61) and 93.1% (54/58) in CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, respectively, when compared with 5.7% (2/35) in CRF01_AE (p < 0.001). In 49 patients that followed-up a median 10 months later, HIV drug resistance mutations at >20% frequency such as K103N, M184VI and P225H still existed, but with decreased frequencies. The prevalence of HIV drug resistance in ART interruption was higher than 15% in the survey. Next-generation sequencing was able to detect more minority drug resistance variants than Sanger. There was a sharp increase in minority drug resistance variants when the detection threshold was below 5%.

scholarly journals Major drug resistance mutations to HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI) among patients exposed to PI class failing antiretroviral therapy in São Paulo State, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223210
Author(s):  
Giselle de Faria Romero Soldi ◽  
Isadora Coutinho Ribeiro ◽  
Cintia Mayumi Ahagon ◽  
Luana Portes Ozório Coelho ◽  
Gabriela Bastos Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Major Drug ◽  
Hiv 1
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