scholarly journals Short Communication: Focal Encephalitis Related to Viral Escape and Resistance Emergence in Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Patient on Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy with Plasma HIV-1 RNA Suppression

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 984-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkaitz Imaz ◽  
Nuria Cayuela ◽  
Jordi Niubó ◽  
Juan Manuel Tiraboschi ◽  
Cristina Izquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Focal Encephalitis ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Viral Blips and Viral Escape During Antiretroviral Therapy: A Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (12) ◽  
pp. 1822-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvid Edén ◽  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Lars Hagberg ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV‐1 Viral Escape in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 202 (12) ◽  
pp. 1819-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvid Edén ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs ◽  
Lars Hagberg ◽  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Serena Spudich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The Relationships between HIV-1 Infection, History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
T. Walter ◽  
Jennifer Iudicello ◽  
Debra Cookson ◽  
Donald Franklin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.

scholarly journals Continuous HIV-1 Escape from Autologous Neutralization and Development of Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Characterizes Slow Disease Progression of Children

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Stefania Dispinseri ◽  
Mariangela Cavarelli ◽  
Monica Tolazzi ◽  
Anna Maria Plebani ◽  
Marianne Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Transmitted Virus ◽  
Slow Progressors ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hiv 1

The antibodies with different effector functions evoked by Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmitted from mother to child, and their role in the pathogenesis of infected children remain unresolved. So, too, the kinetics and breadth of these responses remain to be clearly defined, compared to those developing in adults. Here, we studied the kinetics of the autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody (Nab) responses, in addition to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), in HIV-1 infected children with different disease progression rates followed from close after birth and five years on. Autologous and heterologous neutralization were determined by Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)- and TZMbl-based assays, and ADCC was assessed with the GranToxiLux assay. The reactivity to an immunodominant HIV-1 gp41 epitope, and childhood vaccine antigens, was assessed by ELISA. Newborns displayed antibodies directed towards the HIV-1 gp41 epitope. However, antibodies neutralizing the transmitted virus were undetectable. Nabs directed against the transmitted virus developed usually within 12 months of age in children with slow progression, but rarely in rapid progressors. Thereafter, autologous Nabs persisted throughout the follow-up of the slow progressors and induced a continuous emergence of escape variants. Heterologous cross-Nabs were detected within two years, but their subsequent increase in potency and breadth was mainly a trait of slow progressors. Analogously, titers of antibodies mediating ADCC to gp120 BaL pulsed target cells increased in slow progressors during follow-up. The kinetics of antibody responses to the immunodominant viral antigen and the vaccine antigens were sustained and independent of disease progression. Persistent autologous Nabs triggering viral escape and an increase in the breadth and potency of cross-Nabs are exclusive to HIV-1 infected slowly progressing children.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cell Counts Influence CSF HIV-1 RNA Levels

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Martin ◽  
Jan Albert ◽  
Per Hansson ◽  
PehrOlov Pehrsson ◽  
Hans Link ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rna Levels

scholarly journals Mutually Exclusive T-Cell Receptor Induction and Differential Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutational Escape Associated with a Two-Amino-Acid Difference between HLA Class I Subtypes

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1619-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu G. Yu ◽  
Mathias Lichterfeld ◽  
Senica Chetty ◽  
Katie L. Williams ◽  
Stanley K. Mui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Class I ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The relative contributions of HLA alleles and T-cell receptors (TCRs) to the prevention of mutational viral escape are unclear. Here, we examined human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+ T-cell responses restricted by two closely related HLA class I alleles, B*5701 and B*5703, that differ by two amino acids but are both associated with a dominant response to the same HIV-1 Gag epitope KF11 (KAFSPEVIPMF). When this epitope is presented by HLA-B*5701, it induces a TCR repertoire that is highly conserved among individuals, cross-recognizes viral epitope variants, and is rarely associated with mutational escape. In contrast, KF11 presented by HLA-B*5703 induces an entirely different, more heterogeneous TCR β-chain repertoire that fails to recognize specific KF11 escape variants which frequently arise in clade C-infected HLA-B*5703+ individuals. These data show the influence of HLA allele subtypes on TCR selection and indicate that extensive TCR diversity is not a prerequisite to prevention of allowable viral mutations.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Virion Aggregation by Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1160-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina R. Alexander ◽  
Rogier W. Sanders ◽  
John P. Moore ◽  
Per Johan Klasse
Keyword(s):  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Hiv 1

Factors influencing virological response to antiretroviral drugs in cerebrospinal fluid of advanced HIV-1-infected patients

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Antinori ◽  
Maria Letizia Giancola ◽  
Susanna Grisetti ◽  
Fabio Soldani ◽  
Lucia Alba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Rapid Escape from Preserved Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Humoral Immunity without Loss of Viral Fitness in HIV-1-Infected Progressors and Long-Term Nonprogressors

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 3576-3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit J. van Gils ◽  
Evelien M. Bunnik ◽  
Judith A. Burger ◽  
Yodit Jacob ◽  
Becky Schweighardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A substantial proportion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals has cross-reactive neutralizing activity in serum, with a similar prevalence in progressors and long-term nonprogressors (LTNP). We studied whether disease progression in the face of cross-reactive neutralizing serum activity is due to fading neutralizing humoral immunity over time or to viral escape. In three LTNP and three progressors, high-titer cross-reactive HIV-1-specific neutralizing activity in serum against a multiclade pseudovirus panel was preserved during the entire clinical course of infection, even after AIDS diagnosis in progressors. However, while early HIV-1 variants from all six individuals could be neutralized by autologous serum, the autologous neutralizing activity declined during chronic infection. This could be attributed to viral escape and the apparent inability of the host to elicit neutralizing antibodies to the newly emerging viral escape variants. Escape from autologous neutralizing activity was not associated with a reduction in the viral replication rate in vitro. Escape from autologous serum with cross-reactive neutralizing activity coincided with an increase in the length of the variable loops and in the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites in the viral envelope. Positive selection pressure was observed in the variable regions in envelope, suggesting that, at least in these individuals, these regions are targeted by humoral immunity with cross-reactive potential. Our results may imply that the ability of HIV-1 to rapidly escape cross-reactive autologous neutralizing antibody responses without the loss of viral fitness is the underlying explanation for the absent effect of potent cross-reactive neutralizing humoral immunity on the clinical course of infection.

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