scholarly journals Agarose Slurry as a Support Medium for Bioprinting and Culturing Freestanding Cell-Laden Hydrogel Constructs

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mirdamadi ◽  
Narine Muselimyan ◽  
Priyanka Koti ◽  
Huda Asfour ◽  
Narine Sarvazyan
Keyword(s):  
Support Medium

Study on nitrified liquor recycling process operations using polyurethane foam sponge cubes as a biomass support medium

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Deguchi ◽  
M. Kashiwaya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Type A ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Type B ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Suspended Growth ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

An experimental study was carried out to find a way of using sponge cubes as a biomass support medium to reaction tanks for nitrified liquor recycling process. Type-A, in which biomass fixed cubes are contacted with both anoxic and oxic stages and Type-B, where biomass fixed cubes are contacted with either anoxic or oxic stages, were selected as experimental cases. The results showed that the amount of CO2-C generated which was related to sludge production for Type-B exceeded the amount for Type-A by between 12 to 21%. The nitrification and denitrification rate coefficients at 20°C in Type-A were 1.5 and 1.6 times respectively higher than the coefficients for suspended growth. The rate coefficients in Type-B were 1.5 and 2.0 times respectively higher than the coefficients for Type-A.

Carbon Nanofibers: A Unique Catalyst Support Medium

1994 ◽  
Vol 98 (50) ◽  
pp. 13108-13111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly M. Rodriguez ◽  
Myung-Soo Kim ◽  
R. Terry K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Support Medium

A comparison of two techniques for growing minimally water-stressed plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Hubick ◽  
David R. Drakeford ◽  
David M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Two Systems

Two watering systems used for growing minimally stressed plants are described. An aeroponics system, which relies on a mist of nutrient solution applied to roots without a root support medium, affords control over water availability and easy access to roots. A continuous circulation system, which constantly circulates nutrient medium, also provides control over water availability as well as control over pO2 and stress duration in flooded plants. A comparison is made of the growth characteristics of plants grown in the two systems with those grown by traditional watering methods. The significance of watering prehistory to stress physiology experiments is discussed.

Biodegradation of Organic Substances by Biological Activated Carbon – Simulation of Bacterial Activity on Granular Activated Carbon

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nishijima ◽  
M. Tojo ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

Biodegradation of organic substances by attached bacteria on biological activated carbon (BAC) was studied to clarify the advantages of granular activated carbon (GAC) as support media over conventional media without adsorption capacity with regard to biodegradation activity and community structure of attached bacteria. Anthracite (AN) was used as reference support medium without adsorbability. Low molecular organic substances with different biodegradability and adsorbability (phenol, glucose, benzoic acid and m-aminobenzoic acid) were fed into completely mixed BAC and AN reactors. The rate of biodegradation by BAC reactors fed with biodegradable organic substances was approximately 3 times as high as that by AN reactors. The difference in adsorbability of organic substances onto GAC had little effects on the rate of biodegradation. The structure of GAC with micro and macro pores did not provide better habitat for attached bacteria with regard to the size of population in comparison with anthracite without pores. The rates of biodegradation per attached bacteria for biodegradable organic substances in the BAC reactors were from 1.7 to 4.9 times higher than those in the AN reactors. GAC, as a bacterial support media, stimulated the biodegradation activity of each bacteria without increase in their population and probably with little change in their species composition. Although the number of attached bacteria on BAC was not different significantly from that on anthracite, m-aminobenzoic acid with low biodegradability was degraded only by the GAC reactor.

Polyurethane foam based biofilter media for toluene removal

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Moe ◽  
R. L. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Nutrient Limitations ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polyurethane foam medium was manufactured and analyzed to determine its suitability as a solid support medium for use in gas-phase biofilters. Physical and chemical studies were conducted to determine the medium's characteristics. The medium's ability to support an active biofilm capable of degrading volatile organic compounds was assessed using a laboratory scale biofilter fed a model waste stream containing toluene for more than 250 days with empty bed residence times (EBRTs) ranging from two to four minutes. Results are presented that show how a polyurethane foam medium with high porosity, suitable pore size, low density, and an ability to sorb water was able to remove over 99% of the influent toluene when fed at a concentration of 200 ppmv. An operating strategy is described which effectively prevented two problems common to conventionally operated biofilter systems: nutrient limitations and biosolid accumulation.

Two-stage biofiltration of sulfides and VOCs from wastewater treatment plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Devinny ◽  
D.E. Chitwood
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Waste Air ◽  
Air Streams

Hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds are often found together in waste air streams. This combination is difficult to treat by biofiltration because oxidation of the sulfide produces acid, reducing the pH in the biofilter. Rapid declines in pH can inhibit treatment of organic compounds. A two-stage biofilter, with the first stage operated at low pH and an inorganic support medium, and the second operated at neutral pH with an organic support can eliminate the problem. A pilot-scale facility was operated on this principle. Comparisons were made among two-stage treatment, single-stage low pH treatment, and single-stage uncontrolled treatment to determine which of the strategies was most effective. In two-stage treatment the first stage did provide protection for the second, allowing it to operate at neutral pH. Single-stage low pH treatment was effective at removing sulfide and many organic compounds, and may be sufficient for many applications.

Evaluation of a hybrid vertical membrane bioreactor (HVMBR) for wastewater treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
A. L. Esteban-García ◽  
A. Lobo ◽  
J. Temprano ◽  
C. Álvaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Solids Removal

A new hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) has been developed to obtain a compact module, with a small footprint and low requirement for aeration. The aim of this research was to assess its performance. The system consists of a single vertical reactor with a filtration membrane unit and, above this, a sponge fixed bed as support medium. The aeration system is located under the membrane unit, allowing for membrane cleaning, oxygenation, biofilm thickness control and bulk liquid mixing. Operated under continuous aeration, a bench-scale reactor (70 L) was fed with pre-treated, raw (unsettled) municipal wastewater. BOD5 and suspended solids removal efficiencies (96 and 99% respectively) were comparable to those obtained with other membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 80% were achieved, which is better than those obtained in other HMBRs and similar to the values reached using more complex MBRs with extra anoxic tanks, intermittent aeration or internal deflectors.

Hydrodynamics in the packed bed of the anaerobic fixed film reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chua ◽  
J. P. C. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Back Mixing ◽  
Intermediate Amount

The anaerobic fixed film reactors (AFFR), containing a mixed population of bacteria immobilized on the surfaces of expanded-clay support medium, have been successfully applied in the simulation of high-strength trade effluent treatment. This paper presents residence time distribution (RTD) studies to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics in the packed bed of this novel type of reactor under the mixing effects of an effluent recycle stream. The results show that the flow pattern is characterized by various extents of back-mixing as predicted by the dispersion model. An effluent recycle at a rate equivalent to replacing the liquid content of the AFFR three times per hour achieved a large amount of dispersion in the packed bed. The AFFR without recycle had an intermediate amount of dispersion. This study shows that treatment performance of AFFRs and the cause of reactor failure are related to the effects of the effluent recycle in diluting and distributing the organic constituents of the trade effluent.

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