Recombinant Strains of HIV Type 1 in the United Kingdom

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Barlow ◽  
I.D. Tatt ◽  
P.A. Cane ◽  
D. Pillay ◽  
J.P. Clewley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Hiv Type 1

HIV type-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment-naive adults infected with non-B subtype virus in the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella N Chilton ◽  
◽  
Hannah Castro ◽  
Sam Lattimore ◽  
Linda J Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv Type 1

A search for type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes in families from the United Kingdom

10.1038/991 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
CharlesA. Mein ◽  
Laura Esposito ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Gillian C. L. Johnson ◽  
Andrew E. Timms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Diabetes Susceptibility ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Demonstration of Sustained Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Lineages Circulating among Treatment-Naïve Individuals

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2645-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Hué ◽  
Robert J. Gifford ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
Esther Fernhill ◽  
Deenan Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is well-recognized and compromises response to first-line therapy. However, the population dynamics of transmitted resistance remains unclear, although previous models have assumed that such transmission reflects direct infection from treated individuals. We investigated whether population-based phylogenetic analyses would uncover lineages of resistant viruses circulating in untreated individuals. Through the phylogenetic analysis of 14,061 HIV type 1 (HIV-1) pol gene sequences generated in the United Kingdom from both treatment-naïve and -experienced individuals, we identified five treatment-independent viral clusters containing mutations conferring cross-resistance to antiretroviral drugs prescribed today in the United Kingdom. These viral lineages represent sustainable reservoirs of resistance among new HIV infections, independent of treatment. Dated phylogenies reconstructed through Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inference indicated that these reservoirs originated between 1997 and 2003 and have persisted in the HIV-infected population for up to 8 years. Since our cohort does not represent all infected individuals within the United Kingdom, our results are likely to underestimate the number and size of the resistant reservoirs circulating among drug-naïve patients. The existence of sustained reservoirs of resistance in the absence of treatment has the capacity to threaten the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and suggests there is a limit to the decline of transmitted drug resistance. Given the current decrease in resistance transmitted from treated individuals, a greater proportion of resistance is likely to come from drug-naïve lineages. These findings provide new insights for the planning and management of treatment programs in resource-rich and developing countries.

scholarly journals Trends in Type 1 Diabetes Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years in 27 European Countries and the United Kingdom: 1990–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A463-A463
Author(s):  
Aurimas Kudzinskas ◽  
Andrew Alazawi ◽  
Will Hughes ◽  
Richard Goodall ◽  
Eleanor Harbinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity and financial implications. This study aims to compare the temporal trends in T1DM mortality and morbidity across 27 European Union (EU) countries and the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2017. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study database was used to extract T1DM age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life-years rates (DALYs) per 100,000 for 27 EU countries and the United Kingdom. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to interpret trends. Results: All countries, excluding males from the Czech Republic (+28.5%), had relative reductions in ASMR between 1990 and 2017. The largest relative reductions in ASMR between 1990 and 2017 were observed in Slovenia for both males and females (-75.9% and -87.9%, respectively). The smallest relative reductions in ASMR between 1990 and 2017 were seen in Malta for males (-5.9%) and Czech Republic for females (-12.5%). For all years from 1999 to 2017, males in all countries had higher T1DM ASMRs compared to females. Similarly, T1DM DALYs have decreased across all countries excluding males from the Czech Republic and Malta (+10.4% and +5.3%, respectively). The largest relative reductions in DALYs between 1990 and 2017 were observed in Poland for both males and females (-46.4% and -70.4%, respectively). The smallest relative reductions in DALYs were seen in Greece for both males and females (-4.1% and -17.0%, respectively). From all years from 2006 to 2017, males in all countries had higher T1DM DALYs compared to females. Joinpoint regression analysis demonstrated that over the time period covered by the most recent trends (2013/14–2017), small increases in T1DM ASMRs were observed in Malta, Germany, and Denmark, for males, and in the UK, Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark for females. Furthermore, the UK also observed increases in DALY rates for both males and females between 2013 and 2017 (estimated annual percentage increases: males +0.6%, females +0.5%). Discussion: We identified improvements in both the mortality and morbidity from T1DM in European Union Countries between 1990 and 2017. Both the incidence and prevalence of T1DM is known to be increasing, therefore the observed improvements in mortality and morbidity reflect continent wide improvements in disease management. Our data do suggest, however, that the improvements in mortality and DALYs appear to be plateauing in the UK over the time periods covered by the most recent trends.

TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS AND HUMAN T CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1 IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Brain ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. CRUICKSHANK ◽  
P. RUDGE ◽  
A. G. DALGLEISH ◽  
M. NEWTON ◽  
B. N. MCLEAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Human T Cell
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