Dual Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Type 2: Impact on HIV Type 1 Viral Load and Immune Activation Markers in HIV-Seropositive Female Sex Workers in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 1371-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Nkengasong ◽  
Luc Kestens ◽  
Peter D. Ghys ◽  
Stéphania Koblavi-Dème ◽  
Ronald A. Otten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

scholarly journals Molecular Confirmation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 2 in HIV-Seropositive Subjects in South India

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kannangai ◽  
S. Ramalingam ◽  
K. J. Prakash ◽  
O. C. Abraham ◽  
R. George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Chiron Corporation

ABSTRACT Nested PCRs for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 were compared with immunoblot test results. Twelve of 13 immunoblot-positive HIV-2 samples were positive by PCR. There were five INNO-LIA (Innogenetics, Zwijnaarde, Belgium) and/or HIVBLOT 2.2 (Genelabs, Singapore) samples that tested positive for dual infection. HIV-1 PCR was positive in all samples, while HIV-2 PCR was positive in two and RIBA (Chiron Corporation, San Diego, Calif.) was positive for HIV-2 in three samples. Thus the prevalence of HIV-2 is accurately estimated by the use of immunoblotting, but that of HIV-1 and -2 dual infection may be overestimated.

Genetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Abidjan, Ivory Coast Reveals Predominance of HIV Type 1 Subtype A and Introduction of Subtype G

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Ellenberger ◽  
Danuta Pieniazek ◽  
John Nkengasong ◽  
Chi-Cheng Luo ◽  
Sushil Devare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Subtype A

Evaluation of HIV Type 1 Strains in Men Having Sex with Men and in Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sodsai Tovanabutra ◽  
Eduard J. Sanders ◽  
Susan M. Graham ◽  
Mary Mwangome ◽  
Norbert Peshu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Sex With Men

HIV Type 1 Subtype Distribution, Multiple Infections, Sexual Networks, and Partnership Histories in Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratius Ssemwanga ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
Fred Lyagoba ◽  
Justine Bukenya ◽  
Janet Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Subtype Distribution

Genital Ulcers Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Immunosuppression in Female Sex Workers in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

1995 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Ghys ◽  
M. O. Diallo ◽  
V. Ettiegne-Traore ◽  
K. M. Yeboue ◽  
E. Gnaore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genital Ulcers

scholarly journals The breakdown of the cytokine network subsequent to human immunodeficiency virus infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
M. Clerici ◽  
M. L. Villa ◽  
D. Trabattoni ◽  
G. M. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

The acquired immunodeflciency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinically multifaceted disease induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection results in a complex pattern of immunologic alterations that leads to the development of AIDS in the majority of HIV seropositive (HIV+) individuals. The reduction in CD4 T lymphocyte counts is the hallmark of HIV infection; nevertheless, long before the reduction in CD4 counts reaches critical levels, a series of profound and complex defects that impair the function of CD4 T lymphocytes can be detected. Thus, HIV infection is characterized by quantitative and qualitative defects affecting CD4 T lymphocytes. It was suggested recently that programmed cell death (PCD) is an important mechanism leading to CD4 depletion in HIV infection, and that susceptibility of peripheral lymphocytes to PCD is differentially regulated by diverse cytokines. Thus, type 1 cytokines would protect CD4 lymphocytes against PCD, whereas type 2 cytokines would not protect against, and could augment, PCD. We suggest that the qualitative alterations of the immune response provoke the CD4 depletion characteristic of HIV disease via type 2 cytokinemediated augmentation of PCD, and are therefore ultimately responsible for the progression of HIV infection. Finally, we summarize recent data showing that three correlates of disease progression: emergence of HIV strains with syncitium-inducing ability (SI), type 1-to-type 2 cytokine shift, and CD4 depletion, are significantly associated, suggesting a complex interconnected virologic-immunologic pathogenesis of HIV infection.

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