scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV‐1) Plasma Virus Load and Markers of Immune Activation among HIV‐Infected Female Sex Workers with Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Nkengasong ◽  
Luc Kestens ◽  
Peter D. Ghys ◽  
Stéphania Koblavi‐Dème ◽  
Célestin Bilé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Plasma Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Plasma Virus Load ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Relationship between In Vitro Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication Rate and Virus Load in Plasma

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 12105-12112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Campbell ◽  
Kristina Schneider ◽  
Terri Wrin ◽  
Christos J. Petropoulos ◽  
Elizabeth Connick
Keyword(s):  
Replication Capacity ◽  
Replication Rate ◽  
Plasma Virus ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Plasma Virus Load ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rna Concentration

ABSTRACT Although plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA concentration is a major determinant of the rate of HIV-1 disease progression, the reasons for variability in plasma virus loads among infected individuals are not fully understood. We conducted investigations with 15 HIV-1-infected individuals who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy to evaluate the hypothesis that HIV-1 replication rate in vitro is a significant determinant of plasma virus load. Virus could not be isolated from one subject. Two subjects were excluded because they had features previously associated with distinct plasma virus loads and altered rates of disease progression; one harbored a syncytium-inducing virus and the second was heterozygous for a 32-bp deletion from the CCR5 gene. HIV-1 replication rates were determined by culturing autologous virus isolates in phytohemagglutinin-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and determining the rate of p24 antigen production during the logarithmic phase of viral replication. The contribution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) alleles to replication capacity was assessed using recombinant viruses in a single-cycle infection assay. HIV-1 replication rates ranged from 0.15 to 0.76 log10 pg/ml/day and were reproducible within the same donor PBMC (coefficient of variation ± 4%). RT-PR replication capacity ranged from 14 to 95% of that of control virus and was linearly related to replication rate (r 2 = 0.53; P = 0.007). Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration was linearly related to replication rate (r 2 = 0.71; P < 0.001) and RT-PR replication capacity (r 2 = 0.44; P = 0.019). These data suggest that different RT-PR alleles are important determinants of HIV-1 replication rates and that HIV-1 replication rate explains much of the variability in plasma virus load in chronic HIV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Diseases Preventive Behavior Among Female Sex Workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Dwi Retnaningsih ◽  
MY Martini ◽  
Windyastuti Windyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Preventive Behaviour ◽  
Group Population

Introduction: Sex workers and their customers are the high-risk group population that potentially transmitting sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This research aims to describe the preventive behaviour of female sex workers in preventing transmission of STDs and HIV in Gambilangu Semarang Localization. Methods: This research was qualitative study, The 5 participants of this study were female sex workers who still active in Localization within the period of 2016-2017. Results: The behavior of female sex workers on the prevention of STDs and HIV, were identified as: all participants always offered condoms to clients before sexual transactions, all the participants negotiated the clients to use condom before having sexual intercourse, all participants rejected firmly to have sex with the client suspected having  STDs yet reluctant to use condoms, most participants washed  the vagina using betel soap, consuming herbs and antibiotics without a medical prescription that they believed it could prevent STDs.

Decline in the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin, 1993–1999

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Alary ◽  
Léonard Mukenge-Tshibaka ◽  
France Bernier ◽  
Nassirou Geraldo ◽  
Catherine M. Lowndes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex

Management of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV prevention in men at high risk: targeting clients and non-paying sexual partners of female sex workers in Benin

AIDS ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 2523-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Lowndes ◽  
Michel Alary ◽  
Cyriaque A. B. Gnintoungbé ◽  
Emmanuelle Bédard ◽  
Léonard Mukenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex

scholarly journals Initial B-Cell Responses to Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Virion-Binding Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG Antibodies Followed by Plasma Anti-gp41 Antibodies with Ineffective Control of Initial Viremia

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (24) ◽  
pp. 12449-12463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia D. Tomaras ◽  
Nicole L. Yates ◽  
Pinghuang Liu ◽  
Li Qin ◽  
Genevieve G. Fouda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Virus ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A window of opportunity for immune responses to extinguish human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exists from the moment of transmission through establishment of the latent pool of HIV-1-infected cells. A critical time to study the initial immune responses to the transmitted/founder virus is the eclipse phase of HIV-1 infection (time from transmission to the first appearance of plasma virus), but, to date, this period has been logistically difficult to analyze. To probe B-cell responses immediately following HIV-1 transmission, we have determined envelope-specific antibody responses to autologous and consensus Envs in plasma donors from the United States for whom frequent plasma samples were available at time points immediately before, during, and after HIV-1 plasma viral load (VL) ramp-up in acute infection, and we have modeled the antibody effect on the kinetics of plasma viremia. The first detectable B-cell response was in the form of immune complexes 8 days after plasma virus detection, whereas the first free plasma anti-HIV-1 antibody was to gp41 and appeared 13 days after the appearance of plasma virus. In contrast, envelope gp120-specific antibodies were delayed an additional 14 days. Mathematical modeling of the earliest viral dynamics was performed to determine the impact of antibody on HIV replication in vivo as assessed by plasma VL. Including the initial anti-gp41 immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, or both responses in the model did not significantly impact the early dynamics of plasma VL. These results demonstrate that the first IgM and IgG antibodies induced by transmitted HIV-1 are capable of binding virions but have little impact on acute-phase viremia at the timing and magnitude that they occur in natural infection.

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