Studies on Glycolysis during the Early Development of the Rana pipiens Embryo

1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolph I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Rana Pipiens

Low pH affects the fertilization and development of Rana pipiens eggs

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Schlichter
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Northern Leopard Frog ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Decreasing Ph

Effects of pH on fertilization and the early stages of development of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, were investigated in the laboratory. Sperm motility decreased with decreasing pH below 6.5 in unbuffered solutions acidified with H2SO4 or HNO3, and below 5.5 in buffered solutions acidified with HCl. Motility was lower in the presence of HNO3 than in the presence of H2SO4. No eggs developed at pH 4.8 or below and this failure could not be attributed to low sperm motility. When eggs were inseminated in buffered solutions fertilization, activation, and cleavage decreased with decreasing pH below 6.3, falling to 50% of maximum at about pH 5.8. Fertilizing the eggs at pH 7.3, then transferring them to buffered solutions of lower pH, significantly improved the rate of survival in the first 24 h. Marked decreases in survival occurred at pH 5.8 or below, falling to 50% of maximum at about pH 5.5. By 48 h the embryos at pH 5.5 and 5.8 had stopped developing. Fertilization was more susceptible to low pH than was activation or cleavage. Provided eggs were fertilized, they continued developing at pH 6.0 to 7.5. Below pH 5.8, most fertilized eggs were activated but stopped developing before first cleavage. I concluded that waters more alkaline than pH 6.0 are optimal for fertilization and early development in R. pipiens.

Rates of histone synthesis during early development of Rana pipiens

1980 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shih ◽  
L.Dennis Smith ◽  
Kirsten Keem
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Histone Synthesis

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Classical social reward signatures in infants with later ASD

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Gliga ◽  
Mayada Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Socially Motivated

Abstract Autistic individuals can be socially motivated. We disagree with the idea that self-report is sufficient to understand their social drive. Instead, we underscore evidence for typical non-verbal signatures of social reward during the early development of autistic individuals. Instead of focusing on whether or not social motivation is typical, research should investigate the factors that modulate social drives.

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