Some observations on the early development of the optic tectum in the frog (Rana pipiens), with special reference to the effects of early eye removal on mitotic activity in the larval tectum

1974 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Currie ◽  
W. M. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Rana Pipiens

DNA synthesis and mitotic activity during early development of chick lens

1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohan P. Modak ◽  
Georgia Morris ◽  
Tuneo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Chick Lens

GABAergic visual pathways in the frog Rana pipiens

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENG LI ◽  
KATHERINE V. FITE
Keyword(s):  
Optic Tectum ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Visual Pathways ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Nucleus Isthmi ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Pretectal Nucleus

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. It can exert its influence either as GABAergic projection pathways or as local interneurons, which play an essential role in many visual functions. However, no GABAergic visual pathways have been studied in frogs so far. In the present study, GABAergic pathways in the central visual system of Rana pipiens were investigated with double-labeling techniques, combining immunocytochemistry for GABA with Rhodamine microspheres for retrograde tracing. Three GABAergic visual pathways were identified: (1) a retino-tectal projection, from retina to the contralateral optic tectum (OT); (2) an ipsilateral projection from the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM); and (3) a second-order pathway from the nucleus isthmi (NI), bilaterally, to the optic tectum. These results indicate that GABA is involved in both first-order (retina to optic tectum) as well as second-order (nucleus isthmi to optic tectum) visual projections in Rana pipiens, and may play a major role in mediating visuomotor reflexs such as optokinetic nystagmus or other visually guided behaviors.

Early development of the facial nerve in the chick embryo with special reference to the development of the chorda tympani

1988 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kuratani ◽  
Shigenori Tanaka ◽  
Yuji Ishikawa ◽  
Chosei Zukeran
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Chorda Tympani
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