The outcome of an exclusion experiment depends on the method: shrimps, shredders and leaf breakdown in a tropical stream

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Moulton ◽  
Claudia M. Andrade ◽  
Vinicius Neres-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Exclusion Experiment

Intraspecific interference in a tropical stream shredder guild

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Boyero ◽  
Richard G. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Depressed Individual ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Leaf Breakdown ◽  
Stream Communities ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
Forest Streams

The structure of stream communities is typically thought to be driven by stochastic events such as floods, in contrast with communities in many other systems in which biotic interactions have a major role. However, it is possible that biotic interactions are important in some situations in streams, especially where resources are limited and physical influences are stable for substantial periods. Leaf litter – the main energy source and a distinct habitat in forest streams – constitutes a patchy resource where biotic interactions among and within consumer species are likely to occur. The intraspecific interference in four leaf-eating species (shredders), common in Australian tropical streams, was experimentally examined – Anisocentropus kirramus (Trichoptera : Calamoceratidae), Lectrides varians and Triplectides gonetalus (Trichoptera : Leptoceridae) and Atalophlebia sp. (Ephemeroptera : Leptophlebiidae). All four species showed some degree of intraspecific interference, indicated by lowered leaf breakdown rates when density increased. Breakdown rates per capita decreased exponentially for all species with increased density, with slight differences among species. These differences were more evident when body size was taken into account, with breakdown rates depressed at lower densities for the two species with larger body sizes, T. gonetalus and Atalophlebia sp. Overall breakdown rates did not always increase with higher densities, because they were compensated for by depressed individual breakdown rates. Our results indicate that intraspecific interference can be an important mechanism regulating leaf breakdown in streams.

Leaf Breakdown in a Tropical Stream

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Gonçalves ◽  
Juliana S. França ◽  
Adriana O. Medeiros ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa ◽  
Marcos Callisto
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Leaf Breakdown

scholarly journals Leaf breakdown in a natural open tropical stream

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (AoP) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa A.C.C. Alvim ◽  
Adriana O. Medeiros ◽  
Renan S. Rezende ◽  
José F. Gonçalves Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Leaf Breakdown

Contribution of macroinvertebrates to leaf breakdown in the Okpara River, Bénin.

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Tchaou C. Madina ◽  
Gouissi F. Modeste ◽  
Abahi K. Simon ◽  
Adje D. Darius ◽  
Orou P. Zoulkanerou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Breakdown

Intermittency mediates macroinvertebrate and crayfish effects on leaf breakdown in temperate headwater streams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bates Vanlandingham ◽  
Richard H. Walker ◽  
Adam Alford ◽  
Sally A. Entrekin
Keyword(s):  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Leaf Breakdown

The influence of fish on leaf breakdown in a Virginia pond

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK TAYLOR ◽  
ALBERT C. HENDRICKS
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Breakdown

scholarly journals Effects of Grazer Exclusion on Carbon Cycling in Created Freshwater Wetlands

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Delanie M. Spangler ◽  
Anna Christina Tyler ◽  
Carmody K. McCalley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Wetland Creation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Herbivore Exclusion ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Wetland ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle, and yet are increasingly threatened by human development and climate change. The continued loss of intact freshwater wetlands heightens the need for effective wetland creation and restoration. However, wetland structure and function are controlled by interacting abiotic and biotic factors, complicating efforts to replace ecosystem services associated with natural wetlands and making ecologically-driven management imperative. Increasing waterfowl populations pose a threat to the development and persistence of created wetlands, largely through intensive grazing that can shift vegetation community structure or limit desired plant establishment. This study capitalized on a long-term herbivore exclusion experiment to evaluate how herbivore management impacts carbon cycling and storage in a created wetland in Western New York, USA. Vegetation, above- and belowground biomass, soil carbon, carbon gas fluxes and decomposition rates were evaluated in control plots with free access by large grazers and in plots where grazers had been excluded for four years. Waterfowl were the dominant herbivore at the site. Grazing reduced peak growing season aboveground biomass by over 55%, and during the summer, gross primary productivity doubled in grazer exclusion plots. The shift in plant productivity led to a 34% increase in soil carbon after exclusion of grazers for five growing seasons, but no change in belowground biomass. Our results suggest that grazers may inhibit the development of soil carbon pools during the first decade following wetland creation, reducing the carbon sequestration potential and precluding functional equivalence with natural wetlands.

scholarly journals Saline mine-water alters the structure and function of prokaryote communities in shallow groundwater below a tropical stream

2021 ◽  
pp. 117318
Author(s):  
Lisa Chandler ◽  
Andrew J. Harford ◽  
Grant C. Hose ◽  
Chris L. Humphrey ◽  
Anthony Chariton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Post-fire consequences for leaf breakdown in a tropical stream

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Cristiano Queiroz de Albuquerque ◽  
Andrezza Sayuri Victoriano Hirota ◽  
Paulo Fernandes Roges Souza Silva ◽  
Ricardo Keichi Umetsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Post Fire Effects

Abstract Aim Wildfire is a natural pulsed disturbance in landscapes of the Savannah Biome. This study evaluates short-term post-fire effects on leaf litter breakdown, the invertebrate community and fungal biomass of litter from three different vegetal species in a tropical stream. Methods Senescent leaves of Inga laurina, Protium spruceanum and Rircheria grandis (2 ± 0.1 g dry mass) were individually placed in litter bags (30 × 30 cm: 10 mm coarse mesh and 0.5 mm fine mesh) and submerged in the study stream before and after fire. Replicate bags (n = 4; individually for each species, sampling time, fire event and mesh size) were then retrieved after 20 and 40 days and washed to separate the invertebrates before fire event and again immediately after fire. Disks were cut from leaves to determine ash-free dry mass, while the remaining material was oven-dried to determine dry mass. Results The pre-fire mean decomposition coefficient (k = -0.012 day-1) was intermediate compared to that reported for other savannah streams, but post-fire it was lower (k = -0.007 day-1), due to decreased allochthonous litter input and increased autochthones production. Intermediate k values for all qualities of litter post-fire may indicate that fire is equalizing litter quality in the stream ecosystem. The abundance of scrapers was found to be more important than fungal biomass or shredder abundance, probably due to their functioning in leaf fragmentation while consuming periphyton growing on leaf litter. Conclusions Theses results indicate that fire can modify the relationships within decomposer communities in tropical stream ecosystems.

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