Female Life-History Trade-Offs and the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-460
Author(s):  
Devin Arbuthnott
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Female Life History

Life history trade-offs at a single locus maintain sexually selected genetic variation

Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 502 (7469) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Johnston ◽  
Jacob Gratten ◽  
Camillo Berenos ◽  
Jill G. Pilkington ◽  
Tim H. Clutton-Brock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life History ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Trade-off between age of first reproduction and survival in a female primate

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Blomquist
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Female Life History ◽  
First Reproduction

Trade-offs are central to life-history theory but difficult to document. Patterns of phenotypic and genetic correlations in rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta —a long-lived, slow-reproducing primate—are used to test for a trade-off between female age of first reproduction and adult survival. A strong positive genetic correlation indicates that female macaques suffer reduced adult survival when they mature relatively early and implies primate senescence can be explained, in part, by antagonistic pleiotropy. Contrasts with a similar human study implicate the extension of parental effects to later ages as a potential mechanism for circumventing female life-history trade-offs in human evolution.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in male-induced harm in Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160105 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. S. Filice ◽  
Tristan A. F. Long
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Accessory Gland Proteins ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fitness Index

In Drosophila melanogaster , prolonged exposure to males reduces the longevity and fecundity of females. This harm arises from the effects of male courtship behaviours and the toxic side effects of the accessory gland proteins (Acps) in their seminal fluids. Here, we examine the relationship between male exposure and its harmful effect on the lifetime fitness of his mates, and quantify the genetic basis for this variation. We found significant additive genetic variation in the magnitude of harm that males impose on females by exposing females to males from a variety of hemiclonal backgrounds for either a brief or prolonged period of time and measuring their fecundity, a meaningful fitness index. Furthermore, we discovered a strong negative correlation between the magnitude of harm and the short-term effects of male exposure on female fitness. We discuss the evolutionary significance of these results with regards to potential life-history trade-offs in females, and its relationship to male body size.

scholarly journals Evolution of reproductive traits have no apparent life-history associated cost in populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for cold shock resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Singh ◽  
Nagaraj Guru Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Energy Trade

AbstractIn insect species like Drosophila melanogaster, the ability to evolve greater resistance or evolution of certain traits under specific environmental conditions leads to energy trade-offs with other important life-history traits. A number of studies from multiple fields have documented the life-history associated cost. However, no known studies have assessed the life-history associated cost with evolved reproductive traits and increase egg viability in cold shock selected population. To explore this, we used replicate populations of D. melanogaster that have evolved reproductive traits and egg viability in response to increased resistance to non lethal cold shock. To assess life-history cost; we measured longevity, life time fecundity, Larvae to adults development time, and larvae to adults survival. We found that there were no significant differences in longevity, life time fecundity, larvae to adults survival, and male body weight between the selected and control populations. However, selected populations have significantly longer pre adults developmental time compared to their control population. Females from the selected populations were bigger in size compared to the control populations. These findings suggest that there is no life-history cost associated with the evolution of greater resistance in the aspect of faster recovery of egg viability and reproductive traits post cold-shock. It quite possible the cost of the evolution of reproductive traits and egg viability in response to cold shock resistant is paid in terms of reduced resistance to other stresses

The Evolution of Phenotypic Life-History Trade-Offs: An Experimental Study Using Drosophila melanogaster

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand M. Leroi ◽  
Sung B. Kim ◽  
Michael R. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Genetic variation for expression of the sex determination pathway genes in Drosophila melanogaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
AARON M. TARONE ◽  
YASEEN M. NASSER ◽  
SERGEY V. NUZHDIN
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Males And Females

Sequence polymorphisms result in phenotypic variation through the pathways of interacting genes and their products. We focused on transcript-level variation in the splicing pathway for sex determination – a model network defining downstream morphological characters that are dimorphic between males and females. Expression of Sex lethal, transformer, transformer2, doublesex, intersex and hermaphrodite was assayed with quantitative RT-PCR in 0- to 1-day-old adult males and females of 36 Drosophila melanogaster inbred lines. Abundant genetic variation in the transcript levels was found for all genes. Sex-specific splices had high concentrations in the appropriate sex. In the other sex, low but detectable concentrations were also observed. Abundances of splices strongly co-varied between sexes among genotypes, with little genetic variation strictly limited to one sex. The level of sexually dimorphic Yolk protein1 expression – an immediate downstream target of the pathway – was modelled as the target phenotype of the upstream sex determination pathway. Substantial genetic variation in this phenotype in males was explained by leaky splicing of female-specific transcripts. If higher transcript levels of the appropriate isoform of sex determination genes are beneficial in a sex, then stronger leakiness of the inappropriate transcript might be deleterious, perhaps contributing to the fitness trade-offs previously observed between the sexes.

GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR DENSITY SENSITIVITY OF THREE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-316
Author(s):  
R William Marks
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Three Components

ABSTRACT This study examines natural genetic variation in density sensitivity of three components of fitness in Drosophila melanogaster using the method of chromosome extraction. Different lines are differentially sensitive to density. The distribution of measures of density sensitivity of chromosomal homozygotes is different from that of random chromosomal heterozygotes for both location and dispersion. Density sensitivity of the components is about as variable as any of the fitness components themselves at fixed densities. The consequences of the exact nature of this density dependence are discussed with respect to the stage of the life cycle at which density dependence occurs, and the mathematical form that it takes. There is no evidence of trade-offs among the components or their density sensitivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document