scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Prolactin and Corticosterone across Life-History Stages in a Short-Lived Bird: Gambel’s White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse S. Krause ◽  
Simone L. Meddle ◽  
John C. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii

Migratory behaviour of captive white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, differs during autumn and spring migration

Behaviour ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Ramenofsky ◽  
Renée Agatsuma
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Migratory Restlessness ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii

AbstractGambel's white-crown sparrow (Zonotorichia leucophrys gambelii) is a long-distance, over-land migrant. In captivity birds display many characteristics of the autumn and spring migratory life history stages that include hyperphagia, fattening and high intensity nocturnal activity termed migratory restlessness or Zugunruhe. We recorded the behaviour of captive birds while simultaneously collecting 24 h locomotor activity. These data were used to define the behaviour displayed by captive birds during autumn and spring in order to compare the two migratory stages and to draw inferences for free-living birds. The predominant behaviour during day and nighttime was rest. Feeding occurred only during daylight hours but at a greater frequency in autumn than spring. Birds generally used their feet as the primary source of locomotion during the day termed 'jump'. During the night, two distinct behaviours, 'beak-up flight' and 'beak-up' involving high intensity wing motions were observed and considered components of migratory restlessness. The frequency of the 'beak-up flight' was greatest during spring and associated with the enhanced tempo of vernal migration. In both stages, migratory restlessness was preceded by a quiescent phase, the occurrence of which differed and related to time available for foraging and length of the night. Given these findings, we hypothesize that diel behaviours displayed by autumn and spring migrants in captivity highlight distinctions between the two life history stages.

scholarly journals Apparent dissociation of photoperiodic time measurement between vernal migration and breeding under dim green light conditions in Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Marilyn Ramenofsky ◽  
John C. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Migratory Restlessness ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys Gambelii

Abstract In seasonally breeding birds, the annual cycle of photoperiod is a principal environmental cue for temporal arrangement of different life-history stages, such as migration and breeding. In the past, most research has focused on the mechanisms of photoperiodic control of breeding with less attention paid to migration. In Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (GWCS), photoreceptors for induction of breeding are known to reside in the basal hypothalamus. However, it is unknown whether the sites of photoperiodic reception for vernal migration are the same as those for breeding. Therefore, we hypothesized that they may be controlled separately. In this study, we exposed photosensitive GWCSs to low-penetration green light (wavelength at 510 nm) under a regime of 1 lux during the day and <0.1 lux at night, and switched the photoperiodic conditions from short day (10 h daytime) to long day (18 h daytime). The results showed that the experimental birds developed traits associated with vernal migration including mass increase, fat deposition and migratory restlessness behavior when transferred from short day to long day green light cycles, while control birds maintained continuously on short day green light conditions did not express any migration related characteristics. Neither experimental nor control groups showed gonadal recrudescence under either green light cycles. In support of our hypothesis, we were able to apparently dissociate the photoperiodic responses regulating vernal migration and breeding, which suggests separate mechanisms of photoperiodic time measurement. Such distinct photoperiodic mechanisms may drive the fine-tuned temporal arrangement of the two life history stages.

scholarly journals Effect of Myiasis and Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive , ß-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Cortisol in the Sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Shutt ◽  
AI Smith ◽  
CA Wallace ◽  
R Connell ◽  
LR Fell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Cutaneous Myiasis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Cutaneous myiasis in sheep arising from the activity of Lucilia cuprina larvae can result in significant physiological changes in susceptible animals. The stress imposed on the pituitary-adrenal axis of the sheep in response to myiasis and acute restraint is the subject of this investigation. Merino wethers were exposed to handling restraint, and blood sampling, during examination for blowfly strike; where necessary, they were treated for cutaneous myiasis. Significant changes in the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive J3-endorphin (J3-EP), ACTH and cortisol were found in sheep with extensive myiasis, as compared with unstruck sheep or those with only localized myiasis. In five susceptible sheep with extensive cutaneous myiasis, mean plasma levels of J3-EP, ACTH and cortisol were 307 � 71 pg ml-1, 953 � 58 pg ml-1 and 232 � 46 nmoll-1 respectively, compared with 818 � 89 pg ml-1, 641 � 41 pg ml-1 and 107 � 17 nmol I-I in six unstruck sheep handled similarly. Whereas significant increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol can result from pituitary-adrenal responses to acute emotional or surgical stress, and are usually accompanied by a concomitant release of J3-EP from the pituitary, the present findings indicate a marked reduction in J3-EP levels and a significant increase in ACTH and cortisol in sheep following blowfly strike and acute handling restraint. This result suggests that cutaneous myiasis in susceptible sheep can alter the pituitaryadrenal response to acute restraint stress, and this could occur either by an alteration of precursor processing in the pituitary or by the selective release of ACTH.

scholarly journals Differential actions of acute and chronic citalopram on the rodent hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to acute restraint stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hesketh ◽  
D S Jessop ◽  
S Hogg ◽  
M S Harbuz
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Chronic Infusion ◽  
Basal Plasma

Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can affect the basal activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in rats. A single injection of citalopram has been shown to stimulate the HPA axis while repeated administration leads to attenuation of the corticosterone response to the SSRI. The purpose of this work was to investigate the rodent HPA axis response to restraint stress, following acute and chronic treatment with the SSRI citalopram. We have demonstrated that a single injection of citalopram is able to prolong acute restraint-induced increases in plasma levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). This is possibly mediated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the parvocellular cells of the paraventricular nucleus (pPVN), as treatment with citalopram or restraint alone did not increase AVP mRNA in pPVN while the combination of treatments resulted in a significant increase in AVP mRNA in the pPVN. In contrast, the increase in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the pPVN in response to acute restraint stress was not altered by citalopram. Oxytocin (OT) mRNA was also increased in the magnocellular PVN (mPVN) by the solo treatments of citalopram and restraint, and was not further enhanced by the dual treatment of restraint and citalopram. Chronic treatment with citalopram did not alter basal plasma levels of corticosterone or ACTH. However, the ACTH response to acute restraint was attenuated following chronic citalopram treatment. AVP mRNA in the pPVN was significantly elevated in response to chronic citalopram compared with saline controls suggesting an effect mediated through the AVP subset of pPVN neurones. The CRF mRNA response to acute restraint was not altered in rats treated chronically with citalopram. OT mRNA was not enhanced in the mPVN following chronic infusion of citalopram but was increased by acute restraint stress. We conclude from these data that both acute and chronic citalopram treatment has the potential to alter the rodent response to acute restraint stress. These effects appear to be regulated by the AVP-containing subset of CRF neurons in the pPVN and thus suggest that parvocellular AVP may have an important role in mediating the actions of SSRIs.

The Supraoptic Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Modulates Autonomic, Neuroendocrine, and Behavioral Responses to Acute Restraint Stress in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Lopes-Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Albino Trindade Fortaleza ◽  
Cristiane Busnardo ◽  
América Augusto Scopinho ◽  
Melina Matthiesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses

Aims: Acute restraint stress (RS) has been reported to cause neuronal activation in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SON). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of SON on autonomic (mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate [HR], and tail temperature), neuroendocrine (corticosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin plasma levels), and behavioral responses to RS. Methods: Guide cannulas were implanted bilaterally in the SON of male Wistar rats for microinjection of the unspecific synaptic blocker cobalt chloride (CoCl2, 1 mM) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, 100 nL). A catheter was introduced into the femoral artery for MAP and HR recording. Rats were subjected to RS, and it was studied the effect of microinjection of CoCl2 or vehicle into the SON on pressor and tachycardic responses, drop in tail temperature, plasma oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticosterone levels, and anxiogenic-like effect induced by RS. Results: SON pretreatment with CoCl2 reduced the RS-induced MAP and HR increase, without affecting the RS-evoked tail temperature decrease. Microinjection of CoCl2 into areas surrounding the SON did not affect RS-induced increase in MAP and HR, reinforcing the idea that SON influences RS-evoked cardiovascular responses. Also, SON pretreatment with CoCl2 reduced RS-induced increase in corticosterone and oxytocin, without affecting vasopressin plasma levels, suggesting its involvement in RS-induced neuroendocrine responses. Finally, the CoCl2 microinjection into SON inhibited the RS-caused delayed anxiogenic-like effect. Conclusion: The results indicate that SON is an important component of the neural pathway that controls autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses induced by RS.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Restraint Stress, Prolonged Captivity Stress and Transdermal Corticosterone Application on Immunocompetence and Plasma Levels of Corticosterone on the Cururu Toad (Rhinella icterica)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0121005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Regina de Assis ◽  
Stefanny Christie Monteiro Titon ◽  
Adriana Maria Giorgi Barsotti ◽  
Braz Titon Jr. ◽  
Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress

Acute restraint stress has a similar effect on visceral sensitivity in different types of maternal deprivation in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A715-A715
Author(s):  
A ROSZTOCZY ◽  
S BRADESI ◽  
C BEAUFRAND ◽  
J FIORAMONTI ◽  
T WITTMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Visceral Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Restraint Stress ◽  
Different Types
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