What Language Dependence Problem? A Reply for Joyce to Fitelson on Joyce

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Paul Pedersen ◽  
Clark Glymour
Keyword(s):  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Language Dependence

Path Dependence Problem: The Evolution of Approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Alexandr Auzan
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Keynote Speech

On 27 September, 2014, the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov MSU celebrated the 60th anniversary of the dean Alexander Auzan in the form of a scientific discussion. The subject matter of the symposium was “The institutional issues of the long-term socio-economic dynamics”. The symposium was attended by more than 400 people including I. Abankina, T. Abankina, A. Aksakov, L. Alexeyeva, A. Arkhangelsky, Y. Beletsky, A. Dolgin, R. Enikolopov, S. Glazyev, A. Gnedovsky, A. Isaykin, R. Kapelyushnikov, G. Kleiner, B. Lapidus, A. Levinson, P. Medvedev, A. Nechayev, R. Nureev, L. Ovcharova, V. Polterovich, K. Rogov, A. Savatyugin, S. Shapiguzov, B. Skvortsov, G. Tosunyan, K. Zimarin, D. Zimin, N. Zubarevich. Elvira Nabiullina, a graduate of the Faculty and the head of the Faculty’s Board of Trustees, opened the symposium. Alexander Auzan presented the keynote speech where he addressed such topics as path dependence, modernization as an issue and as a hypothesis, the role of informal institutions and universities. The discussion was moderated by Ilya Lomakin-Rumyantsev, the vice-president of the Faculty’s Development Council. The path dependence problem is presented in the article from an interdisciplinary perspective. First insights into this problem appeared in the writings of Russian philosophers of the late XIX - early XX century, long before the American economists received the Nobel Prize for framing of the problem. Later the problem was specified in quantitative studies, followed by some versions of explanations. The new political economy raises the question of what can be done to cope with the problem and why certain hypotheses have failed. Individual studies of the author and his colleagues are primarily related to the role of universities.

Normative Uncertainty and the Dependence Problem

Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (513) ◽  
pp. 43-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelard Podgorski
Keyword(s):  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Normative Uncertainty

Abstract In this paper, I enter the debate between those who hold that our normative uncertainty matters for what we ought to do, and those who hold that only our descriptive uncertainty matters. I argue that existing views in both camps have unacceptable implications in cases where our descriptive beliefs depend on our normative beliefs. I go on to propose a fix which is available only to those who hold that normative uncertainty matters, ultimately leaving the challenge as a threat to recent skepticism about such views.

Reliability Analysis and Numerical Simulation on Time-Dependence of RC Free Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 823-826
Author(s):  
Wen Hui Tan ◽  
Yong Gang Pei ◽  
Da Li
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Influent Factors ◽  
Free Beam

Load effects and resistance are supposed to constant in traditional reliability theory. In fact, load effects and resistances change with time because some influent factors of structures change in long working life. Thus, only structures are safe at every moment in working life are structures safe. A synthetical method of qualitative and quantitative analysis is proposed in this paper to study the time-dependence problem of a RC free beam. Firstly, the time-dependence character of a free beam is simulated by ANSYS program. Then, a time-dependent reliability model of the free beam is established, and a program is edited to get values of resistance and index of reliability in different years, thus, the time-dependent reliability of the RC free beam is assessed. The results showed that the value of the resistance decreased 20 percent and the reliability index cut half down after 50 years, so time-dependence should be considered to achieve correct results when the reliability of in-service structures is estimated and new structures are designed.

scholarly journals GAUGE DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVE AVERAGE ACTION IN EINSTEIN GRAVITY

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 607-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEN FALKENBERG ◽  
SERGEI D. ODINTSOV
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Gauge Parameter ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Gauge Dependence ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Average Action ◽  
Sitter Background ◽  
Newtonian Constant ◽  
General Gauge

We study the gauge dependence of the effective average action Γk and Newtonian gravitational constant using the RG equation for Γk. Then we truncate the space of action functionals to get a solution of this equation. We solve the truncated evolution equation for the Einstein gravity in the De Sitter background for a general gauge parameter α and obtain a system of equatons for the cosmological and Newtonian constants. Analyaing the running of the gravitational constant we find that the Newtonian constant depends strongly on the gauge parameter. This leads to the appearance of antiscreening and screening behavior of the quantum gravity. The resolution of the gauge dependence problem is suggested. For physical gauges like the Landau–DeWitt gauge the Newtonian constant shows an antiscreening.

scholarly journals MAIN DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING CONTRACTUAL DOCUMENTATION (ENGLISH/RUSSIAN)

2021 ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Lilia Timofeeva ◽  
Maria Morozova ◽  
Tamara Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Text Structures ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Text Formation ◽  
Language Dependence

The article is devoted to one of the most common translation problems in the sphere of law, namely finding the adequate equivalents in vocabulary, especially it concerns foreign terminology, in grammar and in text structure.While it is well-known that equivalence is one of the key concepts in translation, the research on practical applications of this principle in different professional spheres is still limited. With the rise of the interest to the machine translation, the special attention to the most common translation problems in the sphere of law can contribute to the overall understanding of the translation process. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on comparative, structural, socio-linguistic and socio-cultural aspects of translation. The material presented in the article is based on the original contracts developed in English and Russian for the major oil and gas projects to be implemented in Russia 2006-2009. The examples of vocabulary, grammar and text structures equivalents can show the reasons for emergence of the main translation difficulties - polysemantic structure of some  terms, absence of concept  in either language, dependence of the meaning of the term on the context, idiomatic expressions, historically established traditions in legal text formation – emphasizing the idea that equivalence principle should be considered as a priority when translating contractual documentation.

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