Normative Uncertainty and the Dependence Problem

Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (513) ◽  
pp. 43-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelard Podgorski
Keyword(s):  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Normative Uncertainty

Abstract In this paper, I enter the debate between those who hold that our normative uncertainty matters for what we ought to do, and those who hold that only our descriptive uncertainty matters. I argue that existing views in both camps have unacceptable implications in cases where our descriptive beliefs depend on our normative beliefs. I go on to propose a fix which is available only to those who hold that normative uncertainty matters, ultimately leaving the challenge as a threat to recent skepticism about such views.

Normative Beliefs about Aggression toward the Out-Group among Israeli and Palestinian Youth

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Dubow ◽  
L. Rowell Huesmann ◽  
Erika Y. Niwa ◽  
Paul Boxer ◽  
Simha F. Landau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normative Beliefs

Normative Beliefs about Cyberbullying in U.S. and Israeli Youth

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy B. Medvin ◽  
Yehuda Peled ◽  
Linda Domanski ◽  
Alissa R. Johnston ◽  
Efrat Pieterse
Keyword(s):  
Normative Beliefs

Perceived Risks and Normative Beliefs as Explanatory Models for College Student Alcohol Involvement: An Assessment of a Campus with Conventional Alcohol Control Policies and Enforcement Practices

NASPA Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd F. Lewis ◽  
Dennis L Thombs
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Student Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
University Communities

The aim of this study was to conduct a multivariate assessment of college student drinking motivations at a campus with conventional alcohol control policies and enforcement practices, including the establishment and dissemination of alcohol policies and the use of warnings to arouse fear of sanctions. Two explanatory models were compared: perceptions of risk and normative beliefs. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 1,396 students at a large Midwestern university. Data analyses were conducted on the subsample of participants who had reported using alcohol within the past 12 months (n = 1,322). Overall, the results from a canonical correlation analysis indicated that alcohol involvement was best explained by normative beliefs about the drinking practices of one’s closest friends. Perceptions of drinking risk were less important to the explanation of alcohol involvement, and some of these measures unexpectedly had positive associations with indicators of alcohol risk behavior. The findings call into question the conventional deterrence strategies used in many university communities (i.e., belief that students who perceive there to be a low risk of receiving sanctions are those most likely to engage in alcohol related misbehavior). Furthermore, the findings suggest that effective interventions will need to impact students' normative beliefs about the drinking practices of proximal peer groups.

Nietzsche’s Mountain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Parfit
Keyword(s):  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Normative Concepts

This chapter discusses the convergence claim. This claim argues that, if everyone knew all of the relevant non-normative facts, used the same normative concepts, understood and carefully reflected on the relevant arguments, and was not affected by any distorting influence, we would nearly all have similar normative beliefs. It also discusses some counterpoints to attempts to reconcile some of Friedrich Nietzsche's claims with what most of us believe. Though Nietzsche sometimes denies that suffering is in itself bad, and even suggests that suffering may be in itself good, that was not, in most of his life, what Nietzsche believed. The chapter goes on to discuss further arguments for and against the Convergence Claim.

Freeing Reason from Desire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua May
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Humean Theory

The previous chapter showed that our beliefs about which actions we ought to perform frequently have an effect on what we do. But Humean theories, holding that all motivation has its source in desire, insist on connecting such beliefs with an antecedent motive. However, reason needn’t be a slave to the passions. We can allow moral (or normative) beliefs a more independent role to generate intrinsic desires by developing an anti-Humeanism (distinct from internalism) that is empirically sound. Since an anti-Humean theory provides perfectly ordinary and intelligible explanations of actions, Humeans have a burden to justify a more restrictive account. However, they cannot discharge this burden on empirical grounds, whether by appealing to research on neurological disorders (acquired sociopathy, Parkinson’s, and Tourette’s), the psychological properties of desire, or the scientific virtue of parsimony.

Hong Kong University Students’ Normative Beliefs about Aggression toward Police during Social Protests 2019–2020: The Role of Ecological Risks and Future Orientation

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110141
Author(s):  
Jian-Bin Li ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
University Students ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Poor Family ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Delinquent Peers

We examined the association between normative beliefs about aggression toward police (NBAGG→P) and participation in social protests during 2019–2020 and use of aggression among 1,025 Hong Kong university students. We also investigated the role of ecological risks (i.e., distrust in institutions, exposure to community violence, poor family monitoring, poor university discipline and affiliation with delinquent peers) and future orientation in NBAGG→P. The results showed that NBAGG→P was related to more participation in social protests and use of aggression. Ecological risks (except for poor family monitoring) and a positive future orientation were related to more and less NBAGG→P, respectively. Moreover, the “distrust in institutions and NBAGG→P” link was stronger for students with more, rather than less, positive future orientation.

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