Seasonal Variation in the Regulation of Redox State and Some Biotransformation Enzyme Activities in the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rusticaL.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Raja-aho ◽  
Mirella Kanerva ◽  
Tapio Eeva ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen ◽  
Petri Suorsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Biotransformation Enzyme

The response of soil enzyme activity to seasonal and microtopographical variations in the sedge peatlands in Changbai Mountain, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Hummock-hollow microtopography is a common feature in northern peatlands. It<br>creates microsites of variable hydrology, vegetation, and soil biogeochemistry, thus affect soil C<br>cycling in peatlands at the local scale. This study investigated effects of microtopography on soil<br>enzyme (β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), acid phosphatase (AP)<br>and peroxidase (PER)) activities and environment variables as well as their relationships in a<br>typical sedge peatland in Changbai Mountain, northeast of China. Our results showed that the<br>enzyme activities in the sedge peatland significantly varied across seasons and microtopographical<br>positions. Soil enzyme activities in hummocks exhibited more obvious seasonal variation than<br>hollows, with the βG, AP and PER activities presented a distinct valley in summer and the<br>maximum values occurred in Spring or Autumn. Soil hydrolase (βG, NAG and AP) activities in<br>hummocks were significantly higher compared to hollows, while soil oxidase (PER enzyme)<br>activity in hollows was higher than hummocks. The NMDS analysis revealed that the influence<br>degree of microtopography on the enzyme activities was higher than that of seasonal variation.<br>Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the variations of soil enzyme activities in the peatland<br>were related to environmental variables, especially to water table depth (WTD), soil temperature<br>(ST), SOC, N availability and P availability. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the<br>three hydrolase (BG, NAG and AP) activities were positively correlated with soil TN, SOC and<br>C/N, and negatively correlated with WTD and TP. On the contrast, the PER activities were<br>positively correlated with TP, and negatively correlated with ST, SOC and C/N. The present<br>study demonstrated that small scale topographic heterogeneity created by hummock cause habitat<br>heterogeneity and thus lead to significant difference of soil enzyme activity between hummock<br>and hollow in the sedge peatlands. This finding provides further evidence of the importance of<br>peatland microtopography to C cycling and has direct implications for scaling biogeochemical<br>processes to the ecosystem level.</p>

Bioaccumulation of dehydroabietic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): role of biotransformation enzymes

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Stuthridge ◽  
S. M. Anderson ◽  
J. S. Gifford ◽  
M. J. Robinson ◽  
D. L. Straus
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Biotransformation Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitor Compounds

The role of Phase I and Phase II metabolism in rainbow trout on the bioaccumulation of dehydroabietic acid, an abundant and persistent compound found in pulp and paper mill effluents, was investigated using known inducer/inhibitor compounds for cytochromes P450 (P450s), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT). The inducer/inhibitor compounds consisted of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), salicylamide (SAL) and β-naphthoflavone (βNF). PBO induced EROD, SAL had no effect on the measured biotransformation enzyme activities and βNF induced EROD and UDPGT. Treatment of trout with these compounds altered the bioaccumulation and distribution of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) between bile, liver, and muscle in trout exposed to both the pure compound and an untreated mill effluent indicating that biotransformation enzyme activities may directly influence these bioconcentration processes in recipient biota.

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