scholarly journals Remission of Severe CD8+Cytotoxic T Cell Skin Infiltrative Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Sbidian ◽  
Maxime Battistella ◽  
Jacqueline Rivet ◽  
Béatrice Flageul ◽  
Jean‐Michel Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Children: Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Blazevic ◽  
Shirley Jankelevich ◽  
Seth M. Steinberg ◽  
Freda Jacobsen ◽  
Robert Yarchoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on restoration of cellular immunity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children over a 24-week period following initiation of HAART with ritonavir, nevirapine, and stavudine. The immunological parameters evaluated at four time points (at enrollment and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy) included cytokine production by monocytes as well as T-cell proliferation in response to mitogen, alloantigen, and recall antigens including HIV type 1 envelope peptides. Circulating levels of interleukin-16 (IL-16) were measured, in addition to CD4+ T-cell counts, plasma HIV RNA levels, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. At enrollment the children exhibited defects in several immune parameters measured. Therapy increased CD4+ T-cell counts and decreased viral loads significantly. By contrast, the only immunological parameter that was significantly increased was IL-12 p70 production by monocytes; the DTH response to Candida albicans also showed a strong increase in patients becoming positive. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HAART in HIV-infected children affects the dynamics of HIV replication and the CD4+ T-cell count over 24 weeks, similar to the pattern seen in HIV-infected adults. Furthermore, these data indicate improvement in antigen-presenting cell immunological function in HIV-infected children induced by HAART.

Longitudinal analysis of T-cell receptor gene use by CD8+ T cells in early human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Schito ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Frederick M. Hecht ◽  
Mary K. Elkins ◽  
James O. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract The effects of early antiretroviral therapy on the peripheral CD8+ T-cell population were assessed by sequentially determining the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire complexity in a cohort of 15 individuals recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Analysis was based on quantitative TCR variable B gene (TCRBV) usage and complementary-determining region 3 length assessment. Repertories were assessed at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 12, 24, and 72 after initiation of therapy. Early administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy has a positive effect on the preservation and homeostasis of the CD8+ cell repertoire. Nevertheless, differences from average baseline and control TCR profiles and initial development of repertoire perturbations were observed. The findings suggest that additional therapeutic protocols will be required during primary infection to significantly prevent long-term erosion of the T-cell–mediated immune response.

scholarly journals Naïve T-Cell Depletion Related to Infection by X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Poor Immunological Responders to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 10229-10236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Delobel ◽  
Marie-Thérèse Nugeyre ◽  
Michelle Cazabat ◽  
Karine Sandres-Sauné ◽  
Christophe Pasquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The reasons for poor CD4+ T-cell recovery in some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects despite effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remain unclear. We recently reported that CXCR4-using (X4) HIV-1 could be gradually selected in cellular reservoirs during sustained HAART. Because of the differential expression of HIV-1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on distinct T-cell subsets, the residual replication of R5 and X4 viruses could have different impacts on T-cell homeostasis during immune reconstitution on HAART. We examined this hypothesis and the mechanisms of CD4+ T-cell restoration by comparing the virological and immunological features of 15 poor and 15 good immunological responders to HAART. We found a high frequency of X4 viruses in the poor immunological responders. But the levels of intrathymic proliferation of the two groups were similar regardless of whether they were infected by R5 or X4 virus. The frequency of recent thymic emigrants in the poor immunological responders was also similar to that found in the good immunological responders, despite their reduced numbers of naïve CD4+ T cells. Our data, rather, suggest that the naïve T-cell compartment is drained by a high rate of mature naïve cell loss in the periphery due to bystander apoptosis or activation-induced differentiation. X4 viruses could play a role in the depletion of naïve T cells in poor immunological responders to HAART by triggering persistent T-cell activation and bystander apoptosis via gp120-CXCR4 interactions.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of ALVAC vCP1452 and Recombinant gp160 in Newly Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients Treated with Prolonged Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 2206-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Jin ◽  
Murugappan Ramanathan, ◽  
Shady Barsoum ◽  
Geoffrey R. Deschenes ◽  
Lei Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In order to boost immune responses in persons in whom highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated within 120 days of the onset of symptoms of newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we administered vaccines containing a canarypox virus vector, vCP1452, with HIV-1 genes encoding multiple HIV-1 proteins, and recombinant gp160. Fifteen HIV-1-infected subjects who achieved sustained suppression of plasma viremia for at least 2 years were enrolled. While continuing antiretroviral therapy, each subject received at least four intramuscular injections of the vaccines on days 0, 30, 90, and 180. Adverse events were mild, with the most common being transient tenderness at the vCP1452 injection site. Of the 14 patients who completed vaccination, 13 had significant increases in anti-gp120 or anti-p24 antibody titers, and 9 had transient augmentation of their T-cell proliferation responses to gp160 and/or p24. HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells were quantified using an intracellular gamma interferon staining assay. Among 11 patients who had increased CD8+ T-cell responses, seven had responses to more than one HIV-1 antigen. In summary, vaccination with vCP1452 and recombinant gp160 appears safe and immunogenic in newly HIV-1-infected patients on HAART.

scholarly journals Immunologic Pressure within Class I-Restricted Cognate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epitopes during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 3653-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Casazza ◽  
Michael R. Betts ◽  
Brenna J. Hill ◽  
Jason M. Brenchley ◽  
David A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Escape Variant ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy

ABSTRACT Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are known to exert strong evolutionary pressures on the virus population during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, it is not known whether CTL responses continue to substantially affect viral evolution during treatment. To study the effect of immunologic pressure on viral sequences during HAART, we identified 10 targeted HIV-specific CD8+-T-cell epitopes in five treatment-naïve patients, sequenced each epitope in plasma-derived viruses, and then identified evidence of immunologic pressure at these epitopes by comparing the frequency of viral variants in plasma to the frequency of the CD8+-T-cell response for each variant identified. For one of the five patients, evidence of viral evolution was found during therapy. The sequence of the CTL-targeted epitope changed from an apparent escape variant prior to the initiation of therapy, to the sequence that is best recognized by the CTL response after the initiation of therapy, and then finally to a new escape variant during continued therapy. These data show that CTL-mediated pressure can continue to affect viral evolution after the initiation of HAART, even when treatment drives the viral load below detectable levels, and suggest that antiretroviral therapy may preferentially inhibit those virus variants that escape the CTL response.

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