scholarly journals Surgical Hand Antisepsis With Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Comparison of Effectiveness After 1.5 and 3 Minutes of Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Weber ◽  
Stefan Reck ◽  
Uschi Neff ◽  
Ramon Saccilotto ◽  
Marc Dangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Postdoctoral Training ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Antisepsis ◽  
European Norm ◽  
The Mean

Objective.Research has shown 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub to be at least as effective under experimental conditions as the 3-minute reference disinfection recommended by European Norm 12791. The aim of the present study was to validate the effectiveness of 1.5 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis in a clinical setting by comparing the effectiveness of 1.5- and 3-minute applications of alcohol-based hand rub (45% vol/vol 2-propanol, 30% vol/vol 1-propanol, and 0.2% mecetronium ethylsulphate).Design.Prospective crossover trial in which each surgeon served as his or her own control, with individual randomization to the 1.5-or the 3-minute group during the first part of the trial.Setting.Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.Participants.Thirty-two surgeons with different levels of postdoctoral training.Methods.We measured the bactericidal effectiveness of 1.5 minutes and 3 minutes of surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub by assessing the mean (± SD) log10 number of colony-forming units before the application of hand rub (baseline), after the application of hand rub (immediate effect), and after surgery (sustained effect) so as to follow European Norm 12791 as closely as possible.Results.The immediate mean (± SD) log10 reduction in colony-forming units (cfu) was 2.66 ±1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 3.01 ±1.06 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .204). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the sustained effect; the mean ( ± SD) log10 increase in bacterial density during surgery was 1.08 ± 1.13 log10 cfu for the 1.5-minute group and 0.95 ± 1.27 log10 cfu for the 3-minute group (P = .708). No adverse effects were recorded.Conclusion.In this clinical trial, surgical hand antisepsis with alcohol-based hand rub resulted in a similar bacterial reduction, regardless of whether it was applied for 3 or 1.5 minutes, which confirms experimental data generated with healthy volunteers.

scholarly journals Effects of eye cover among high risk neonates at night shift on their distress levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Eman Ali Moselhi Mater ◽  
Huda Shawky Mahamud ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Distress Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background and aim: The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a stressful environment for high risk neonates. Persistent bright light is one of the main environmental stressors that are distressed newborn infants in NICU. Cycled lighting may decrease distress level of newborn infants by enhancing calming status. This study aimed to investigate effects of eye cover among high risk neonates at night shift on their distress levels.Methods: Quasi experimental research design was carried out on a randomized sample of 60 newborn infants attending the NICU of El Manial University Hospital (Kasr Al Ainy), (30 control group and 30 study group). Neonatal assessment tool and COMFORTneoNRS scale were utilized for data collection.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between control and study groups regarding the distress levels (p < .00). The mean score of distress levels were 6.80 ± 1.80 and 0.80 ± 1.15 respectively and the mean score of comfort levels in the newborn infants in the control and study groups were 23.22 ± 5.50 and 6.60 ± 1.06 respectively. Eye coved enhanced quite sleep (66.7%), relaxed muscle (73.3%), decrease movement (66.7%) and no crying (85.7%).Conclusions: The use of eye cover among high risk neonates at night shift is effective to decrease their distress level and improve their comfort state in the morning shift by promoting quite sleep and relaxation. Recommendations: The educational program is needed to raise awareness among neonatal nurses about the effect of light reduction methods such as eye patches on the distress level and comfort state that enhances the growth and development of newborn infants.

Clinical Significance of Cryofibrinogenemia: Possible Pathophysiological Link with Raynaud’s Phenomenon

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD S. SOYFOO ◽  
AHMED GOUBELLA ◽  
ELIE COGAN ◽  
JEAN-CLAUDE WAUTRECHT ◽  
ANNICK OCMANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Objective.To describe the clinical findings and prevalence of patients with cryofibrinogenemia (CF) and to determine whether CF is associated with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon.Methods.Between June 2006 and December 2009, 227 patients were tested for CF in a single university hospital. Forty-five patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon were tested for CF.Results.A total of 117 patients with CF without cryoglobulinemia were included. The main clinical manifestations included skin manifestations (50%) and arthralgia (35%). There were 67 patients with primary CF and 50 patients with secondary CF. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of the cryoprecipitate in primary CF as compared to the secondary form (172 ± 18.6 vs 192 ± 20.9 mg/dl, respectively; p = 0.41). Highest concentrations of cryoprecipitate were observed in those containing fibrinogen only as compared to cryoprecipitates containing fibrinogen and fibronectin (301 ± 43.5 vs 125 ± 10.6 mg/dl; p < 0.001). Patients having skin necrosis (n = 3) had significantly higher values of cryofibrinogen compared to those without necrosis (638 ± 105 vs 160 ± 10.2 mg/dl; p = 0.0046). Among the 45 patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon, 36 had associated CF. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of the cryoprecipitate in these patients compared to those with primary CF.Conclusion.There seems to be a significant correlation between cryofibrinogen concentration and the severity of the clinical signs, particularly when cryoprecipitate is composed of fibrinogen alone. CF might have a possible pathophysiological role in primary Raynaud’s phenomenon.

scholarly journals Filtration efficiency of face masks and veils as protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled S. Al-Hadyan ◽  
◽  
Ghazi A. Alsbeih Alsbeih ◽  
Najla M. Al-Harbi ◽  
Sara S. Bin Judia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean

Wearing face masks have been implemented as a public and personal health control measure against the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the protection level of nonmedical face masks, such as women face veils, is still uncertain. This study aimed to assess the filtration efficiency (FE; percentage of particles retained by a mask) of different types of medical masks (either as sealed or unsealed, single or doubled), non-medical masks (cloth masks) and face veils. FE of face masks was evaluated using an in-house 3D-printed air duct connected to the Aerotrak particle counter with a capability of counting particle sizes of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2 and 5 μm. A set of 10 earloop surgical masks,10 tie-on surgical masks, 3 triple-layers reusable cloth masks and 3 types (short, medium and long) of traditional face veils were included in the study. The unsealed surgical masks showed intermediate FE (36.54-80.58%), with no observed differences between tie-on and earloop or single and doubled masks. For each mask type, the mean FE values of sealed surgical masks (FE≥99.16%) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the unsealed ones (FE≤80.58%). No significant difference was observed in the mean FE values between unsealed surgical masks and either cloth masks (FE=23.19-75.35%, P=0.26) or face veils (FE=19.10- 70.68%, P=0.14). However, a mockup experiment showed that wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improve the FE (33.73-79.18%; P<0.001). We conclude that besides sealed surgical masks that ensure optimal filtration under the experimental conditions, the unsealed surgical and cloth masks and face veils showed comparable performance and acceptable protection at 5 μm particle size, which is the most relevant particle size associated with COVID-19 infectious droplets. Wearing a surgical mask under the face veil significantly improves the FE compared to wearing a face veil alone.

scholarly journals Association Between Dialysate Sodium Concentration And Interdialytic Weight Gain In Patients Undergoing Twice Weekly Haemodialysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraiya Manji ◽  
Jasmit Shah ◽  
Ahmed Twahir ◽  
Ahmed Sokwala
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Interdialytic Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dialysate Sodium

Abstract BackgroundChronic kidney disease is highly prevalent across the globe with more than two million people worldwide requiring renal replacement therapy. Interdialytic weight gain is the change in body weight between two sessions of haemodialysis. Higher interdialytic weight gain has been associated with an increase in mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It has long been questioned whether using a lower dialysate sodium concentration during dialysis would reduce the interdialytic weight gain and hence prevent these adverse outcomes.MethodsThis study was a single blinded cross-over study of patients undergoing twice weekly haemodialysis at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi and Parklands Kidney Centre. It was conducted over a twelve-week period and patients were divided into two groups: dialysate sodium concentration of 137meq/l and 140meq/l. These groups switched over after a six-week period without a washout period. Univariate analysis was conducted using Fisher’s exact test for categorical data and Mann Whitney test for continuous data. Results41 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 61.37 years, and 73% were males. The mean duration for dialysis was 2.53 years. The interdialytic weight gain was not significantly different between the two groups (2.14 for the 137meq/l group and 2.35 for the 140meq/l group, p = 0.970). Mean blood pressures were as follows: pre-dialysis: DNa 137meq/l: systolic 152.14 ± 19.99, diastolic 78.99 ± 12.20, DNa 140meq/l: systolic 156.95 ± 26.45, diastolic 79.75 ± 11.25 (p = 0.379, 0.629 respectively). Post-dialysis: DNa 137meq/l: systolic 147.29 ± 22.22, diastolic 77.85 ± 12.82 DNa 140meq/l: systolic 151.48 ± 25.65, diastolic 79.66 ± 15.78 (p = 0.569, 0.621 respectively). ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the interdialytic weight gain as well as pre dialysis and post dialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the two groups. Therefore, using a lower dialysate sodium concentration does not appear useful in altering the interdialytic weight gain although further studies with a larger sample size are warranted.

scholarly journals Hospital service quality based on HEALTHQUAL model and trusting nurses at Iranian university and non-university hospitals: a comparative study

BMC Nursing ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Nemati ◽  
Masoud Bahreini ◽  
Shahnaz Pouladi ◽  
Kamran Mirzaei ◽  
Farkhondeh Mehboodi
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Service ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Establishment and improvement of patients’ trust in healthcare organizations like hospitals necessitate delivery of high-quality services by nurses, as the largest group of healthcare providers. The present study aimed to compare hospital service quality based on the HEALTHQUAL model and trusting nurses at university and non-university hospitals in Iran. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 990 patients admitted to university and non-university hospitals located in Bushehr Province, southern Iran, who were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data were collected through the HEALTHQUAL questionnaire and the Trust in Nurses Scale, and then analyzed via the SPSS Statistics software (version 22) as well as the General Linear Model (GLM) univariate procedure and the Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results The study findings revealed that the mean values of real quality (perceptions) and ideal quality (expectations) were 3.89 ± 0.69 and 4.55 ± 0.47, respectively. The gap between the real and ideal quality (− 0.64) was also larger at non-university hospitals from the patients’ viewpoints. Comparing various dimensions of service quality, the largest gap at university and non-university hospitals was associated with “environment” (− 0.13) and “empathy” (− 0.18), respectively. Additionally, the mean scores of the patient trust in nurses at university and non-university hospitals were 10.34 ± 5.81 and 8.71 ± 4.05, respectively, being a statistically significant difference (p <  0.001). Conclusion The study results demonstrated that hospital service quality and trusting in nurses were at higher levels at the university hospital than the non-university one; however, hospital service quality was at a lower level than what the patients had expected. Accordingly, hospital managers and policy-makers were suggested to focus on patients to reduce gaps in service quality, to promote service quality, and to provide better healthcare services to patients.

scholarly journals RELATED FACTORS FOR COLONIZATION BY Candida SPECIES IN THE ORAL CAVITY OF HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralciane de Paula MENEZES ◽  
Aércio Sebastião BORGES ◽  
Lúcio Borges de ARAUJO ◽  
Reginaldo dos Santos PEDROSO ◽  
Denise Von Dolinger de Brito RÖDER
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Colonization

The colonization of the oral cavity is a prerequisite to the development of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Aims: The aims of this study were: to evaluate colonization and quantify Candida spp. in the oral cavity; to determine the predisposing factors for colonization; and to correlate the levels of CD4+ cells and viral load with the yeast count of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) in HIV-positive individuals treated at a University Hospital. Saliva samples were collected from 147 HIV patients and were plated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and chromogenic agar, and incubated at 30 ºC for 72 h. Colonies with similar morphology in both media were counted and the result expressed in CFU/mL. Results: Of the 147 HIV patients, 89 had positive cultures for Candida spp., with a total of 111 isolates, of which C. albicans was the most frequent species (67.6%), and the mean of colonies counted was 8.8 × 10³ CFU/mL. The main predisposing factors for oral colonization by Candida spp. were the use of antibiotics and oral prostheses. The use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors appears to have a greater protective effect for colonization. A low CD4+ T lymphocyte count is associated with a higher density of yeast in the saliva of HIV patients.

scholarly journals Comprehensive study of ovarian tumours in Kathmandu University Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Suman Raj Tamrakar ◽  
Ramesh Makaju ◽  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
Suresh Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Benign Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ovarian tumours account for 15% to 25% of all primary malignancy and the leading cause of death from gynaecolgical malignancies. There are limited publications related to ovarian tumours from Nepal. Ovarian related surgeries are the common surgeries in Kathmandu University Hospital. This study aims to provide basic information related to ovarian tumours from this geographical region of Nepal. Objectives: To review the nature of ovarian problems and certain socio-demographic information namely: caste, age, address and co-morbid condition of the patients presenting with ovarian problems. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of patients seeking surgical treatment of ovarian lesions in Kathmandu University Hospital from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2018. This study was undertaken by reviewing the inpatient, outpatients and OT records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the records from Department of Pathology. All the files and computer records were reviewed and analyzed for nature of ovarian problems and certain demographic variables. Results: Out of the 860 cases, about 61% were non-neoplastic while benign ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours were 35% and 3.7 % respectively. Almost one third of the cases were of Brahmin/Chhetri (37.3%) and 58.3% of the patients were from Kavre district. Mean age of the patients with ovarian problems was 34.89±11.15 years (range 12-72 years). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients with non-neoplastic ovarian lesions and neoplastic ovarian lesions (p value = 0.3371). There was statistically significant difference between the mean age of patients with benign ovarian tumours and malignant ovarian tumours (p value = 0.0001). And malignant ovarian tumours were significantly high among patients above 41 years in comparison to benign ovarian tumours of same age group (p value = 0.0008). Out of 32, ten malignant ovarian tumours occurred in relatively young age group. Of the 860 ovarian lesions, 438 and 422 ovarian lesions were removed through open technique and laparoscopic techniques respectively. Mature cystic teratoma (64.1%) was the commonest benign tumor and serous cyst adenocarcinoma (43.8%) was the commonest malignant tumour in this study. Conclusion: Ovarian tumours are one of the gynaecological diagnoses in Kathmandu University Hospital. If only ovarian neoplasms are considered, most of the ovarian tumours are benign and few are malignant. Minimal invasive surgeries are possible, except that for malignant ovarian tumours.

scholarly journals Cord Blood Theophylline Levels and Respiratory Morbidities In Preterm Infants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tolga Hasan Celik ◽  
Ayse Korkmaz ◽  
Sule Yigit ◽  
Murat Yurdakok
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
Pulmonary Morbidity

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> to investigate whether there is any relationship between cord blood theophylline levels and pulmonary morbidities in the early neonatal period in premature infants.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> This prospective cohort study was conducted in Hacettepe University Hospital Neonatology Unit, between November 2010 and January 2012. Cord blood samples were collected at birth from premature infants, and theophylline levels were measured. Theophylline levels of cord blood were compared between infants with and without pulmonary morbidity.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 90 infants (42 females, 48 males) were enrolled in the study. The mean gestational age was 31.1±3.1 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1527±540 g. Early respiratory morbidities developed in 57 infants (63.3%), while no respiratory morbidities were observed in 33 infants (36.7%). There was no significant difference between the groups in blood gas parameters, oxygen saturation values and cord blood theophylline levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Although the theophylline levels that were measured in the cord blood were much lower than therapeutic serum levels, we concluded that the cord theophylline level is not valuable as a prognostic factor for pulmonary morbidities in premature newborns. </p>

scholarly journals Comparison between different techniques for treatment of sub macular haemorrhage due to Age Related Macular Degeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelwahab Saad ◽  
Daniela Vaideanu-Collins ◽  
Lyudmila Kishikova ◽  
Marco Isac ◽  
Dina Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
James Cook ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background To compare the outcome of vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), and gas with and without subretinal air versus Intravitreal TPA and gas in the treatment of sub macular haemorrhage (SMH) due to Neovascular age related macular degeneration Methods We analysed the notes of 29 cases presented with SMH in the period between 01/2016 and 09/2018 in James Cook University Hospital. Presenting visual acuity (BCVA), size and location of SMH, Procedure done, final BCVA at 6 months and any surgical complications were recorded. 11 Cases (Group 1) received intravitreal TPA (50ug in 0.1 ML), 0.3 ml of pure SF6. 18 cases (Group 2) received 23 G Pars Plana vitrectomy, Subretinal TPA injection (25ug in 0.1 ml), and 20% SF6 gas filling. Group 2 was further divided into 2A (10 patients) who received only subretinal TPA and group 2B (8 patients) who received additional 0.1 ml subretinal air.Results The mean BCVA at presentation was 0.0068 in group 1 and 0.0067 in group 2 (p= 0.8734). The mean postoperative BCVA at six months was 0.31 in group 1 and 0.58 in group 2 (p=0.0015). Subgroup analysis of group 2 didn’t show statistically significant difference in outcome when adding subretinal air to the vitrectomy procedure (p=0.7009).Conclusion Vitrectomy, gas and subretinal TPA has more successful displacement rate and better visual outcome than Intravitreal TPA & Gas alone in treating SMH involving the fovea in AMD. Additional subretinal air doesn't seem to improve the outcome in cases having vitrectcomy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of rtsa-byugs vs diclofenac gel in relieving knee pain of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorji Nidup ◽  
Somboon Kietinun ◽  
Sunyarn Niempoog ◽  
Kusuma Sriyakul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

PurposeRtsa-byugs, a massage oil from Bhutan, is a traditional herbal formula known for its anti-inflammatory properties and used in osteoarthritis treatment. This study investigates the efficacy of rtsa-byugs vs diclofenacgel in relieving knee pain in osteoarthritis patients.Design/methodology/approachA single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted amongst osteoarthritis knee patients at an orthopedic outpatient department of Thammasat University Hospital. Participants were randomly allocated to the rtsa-byugs (N = 31) or the Diclofenac gel (N = 31) group. Primary outcomes were assessed by the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOS), visual analog scale (VAS) and goniometer at day 0, 1, 3, 7.Findings62 participants completed the study. The result of the KOOS scores demonstrated a significant improvement of symptoms at the end of the study in both treatment groups. Improvement of symptoms, pain, daily life living, sport and recreational score and quality of life assessment showed a significant difference from baseline (p < 0.001) within both groups. The quality of life score for the rtsa-byugs group increased significantly on day 3 and 7. The VAS score in both groups decreased with a significant difference from baseline to day 7. The mean value of extension of angle measurement was decreased in day 7, and the mean of flexion score increased in both groups when compared with the baseline.Research limitations/implicationsThe duration of the study was very limited and included a small sample consisting of men and women.Originality/valueRtsa-byugs is safe and effective in relieving pain from osteoarthritis of the knee and can be used as an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis.

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