scholarly journals Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness in the US Vaccination Program: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 197 (s2) ◽  
pp. S82-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Seward ◽  
Mona Marin ◽  
Marietta Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
The Us

CDC suppression of deleterious data associated with the US universal varicella vaccination program: the effect of declining exogenous exposures on herpes zoster incidence rates (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
The Us ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Herpes Zoster Incidence

BACKGROUND A Research Analyst provides evidence that the Universal Varicella Vaccination Program dramatically altered the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ, or shingles) in the first decade following varicella vaccine licensure in March 1995, and describes how CDC misrepresented data to conceal the significance of exogenous (external) exposures in (1) augmenting varicella vaccine efficacy, and (2) helping to prevent or postpone reactivation of HZ. OBJECTIVE Provide data demonstrating the significant effect that the Universal Varicella Vaccination Program and concomitant decline in exogenous exposures had on augmenting varicella vaccine efficacy and on increasing herpes zoster incidence rates among children, adolescents, and adults with a history of varicella during the first decade following varicella vaccine licensure. METHODS The Varicella Active Surveillance Project (VASP) was one of three CDC-funded projects in the US whose mission was to monitor the effects of the varicella vaccine on the Antelope Valley (Los Angeles, California) population of 300,000 residents. In 1995, VASP started collecting baseline epidemiological data pertaining to varicella disease (excluding herpes zoster). Active surveilliance for HZ began in 2000. Since reporting sites consisted of schools and medical providers, two-source capture-recapture statistics were applied to determine reporting completeness of varicella and HZ cases among children and adolescents, and compute ascertainment-corrected incidence rates. RESULTS Deleterious trends in vaccine efficacy due to declines in exogenous exposures were masked by averaging varicella vaccine efficacy over several years instead of stratifying efficacy by year. High HZ incidence rates among children who previously had varicella were initially masked by reporting a crude HZ incidence rate that included varicella-vaccinated children. True rates in the population were approximately two-fold higher since capture-recapture estimated a reporting-completeness of 50%. VASP calculated a statistically significant increase of 56.1% in adult HZ case reports from 2000-2002. CONCLUSIONS CDC mainly published selective studies with misrepresented data to support universal varicella vaccination and aggressively blocked the Research Analyst’s attempt to publish deleterious trends or outcomes, prompting his resignation in protest against what he perceived was research fraud.

Vaccine effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca to prevent severe COVID-19 in Costa Rica: A nationwide, observational study of hospitalizations prevalence (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Rosero-Bixby
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Severe Illness

BACKGROUND The Costa Rican vaccination program uses Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Real-world estimates of these vaccines effectiveness to prevent hospitalizations range from 90% to 98% for two doses and from 70% to 91% for a single dose. Almost all of these estimates predate the Delta variant. OBJECTIVE To estimate the dose-dependent effectiveness of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines to prevent severe illness in real-world conditions of Costa Rica, after the Delta variant became dominant. METHODS This observational study is a secondary analysis of hospitalizations prevalence. The participants are all 3.67 million adults residents in Costa Rica by mid-2021. The study is based on public aggregated data of 5978 COVID-19-related hospital records from 14th September to 20th October, 2021 and 6.1 million vaccination doses administered to determine hospitalization prevalence by dose-specific vaccination status. The intervention retrospectively evaluated is vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech (78%) and Oxford-AstraZeneca (22%). The main outcome studied is being hospitalized. RESULTS Vaccine effectiveness to prevent hospitalization (VEH) was estimated as 93.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.0 to 93.9) for complete vaccination and 76.7% (CI: 75.0 to 78.3) for single-dose vaccination among adults of all ages. VEH was lower and more uncertain among older adults aged 58 years and above: 92% (CI: 91% to 93%) for those who had received full vaccination and 64% (CI: 58% to 69%) for those who had received partial vaccination. Single-dose VEH declined over time during the study period, especially in the older age group. Estimates were sensitive to possible errors in the population count used to determine the residual number of unvaccinated people when vaccine coverage is high. CONCLUSIONS The Costa Rican vaccination program that administered Pfizer and Oxford vaccines are highly effective to prevent COVID-19-related hospitalizations after the Delta variant had become dominant. Moreover, a single dose is reasonably effective, justifying the continuation of the national policy of postponing the application for the second dose of the Pfizer vaccine to accelerate the vaccination and increase the number of people being vaccinated. Timely monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is important to detect eventual failures and motivate the public based on information that the vaccinations are effective.

Varicella vaccine effectiveness over 10 years in Australia; moderate protection from 1-dose program

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Quinn ◽  
Heather F. Gidding ◽  
Helen S. Marshall ◽  
Robert Booy ◽  
Elizabeth J. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

scholarly journals Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the US, 1995-2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Noah
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Routine Immunisation ◽  
The Us

Chickenpox is now one of the last of the infectious diseases of childhood that remain mostly uncontrolled. An effective vaccine has been available for many years but has not been used for routine immunisation in many countries. This is because the effect of giving the vaccine in early life on the subsequent development of herpes zoster is not known; high immunisation rates are important to ensure that the age distribution does not shift towards older age groups in whom the disease is more serious; and the disease is generally considered innocuous, especially in childhood when about 95% of infections occur.

Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness During an Outbreak in a Partially Vaccinated Population in Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Arnedo-Pena ◽  
Joan Puig-Barber?? ◽  
Mar??a Amparo Aznar-Orenga ◽  
Manuel Ballester-Albiol ◽  
Francisco Pardo-Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

Varicella vaccine effectiveness in schoolchildren in outbreaks in a semi-urban area

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Romera-Guirado ◽  
Y. Molina-Salas ◽  
J.J. Pérez-Martín ◽  
M. Ruzafa-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

Tracking H1N1 vaccine doses administered using CDC’s Countermeasure and Response Administration system

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Tom T. Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA ◽  
Sanjeeb Sapkota, MBBS, MPH ◽  
Barbara L. Nichols, BS ◽  
Warren G. Williams, MPH ◽  
Shirley W. Mullins, MIT, CSM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Total Data

During the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, the Countermeasure and Response Administration (CRA) system, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) computer-based informatics application, monitored H1N1 vaccine uptake during the early stages of the US vaccination program, from October through the end of November 2009. CRA, which directly monitors vaccine doses administered, was developed to support the mass tracking of medical countermeasure use during public health events and to complement populationbased survey data on vaccination coverage during a pandemic influenza vaccination program. CRA provided weekly near real-time reports of H1N1 vaccine doses administered at national and state levels. On average, during any given week, 58.8 percent of the total data available to be reported was actually reported to CDC. During the 8-week mandatory reporting period, a cumulative total of 13,109,962 first-dose vaccine doses administered were reported through CRA, representing approximately 4.4 percent of the US population. Nearly 60 percent of these doses were administered to individuals aged 6 months to 24 years, an age interval that was included in the initial target groups prioritized to receive vaccine. CRA was a key component of the national surveillance system providing information on early uptake of H1N1 vaccine and monitoring program progress. These accomplishments indicate that CRA can effectively function as an immunization tool to monitor vaccine uptake during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Single-dose varicella vaccine effectiveness in Brazil: A case-control study

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Andrade ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Silva Vieira ◽  
Ruth Minamisava ◽  
Cristiana Maria Toscano ◽  
Menira Borges de Lima Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Control Study
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