scholarly journals Recovery of Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus from Upper and Lower Genital Tract Specimens Obtained from Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine M. Clarke ◽  
Ann Duerr ◽  
Kam‐Ha Anna Yeung ◽  
Susan Brockman ◽  
Cibele Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Simplex Virus

Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in Women with Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
MATTI LEHTINEN ◽  
IMMO RANTALA ◽  
KLAUS TEISALA ◽  
PENTTI K. HEINONEN ◽  
TUULA LEHTINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Simplex Virus

Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in Women with Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

1985 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lehtinen ◽  
I. Rantala ◽  
K. Teisala ◽  
P. K. Heinonen ◽  
T. Lehtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Simplex Virus

Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus from the genital tract: uncertainty and its consequences for patient management

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Barton ◽  
P E Munday ◽  
R J Patel
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Supportive Counselling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Relationship

A frequent component of the management of patients with genital herpes concerns the possibility of asymptomatic shedding and potential sexual transmission of the virus. Approaches intended to provide supportive counselling and reassurance of patients about these issues need now to be modified in the light of increasing data of the frequency of asymptomatic detection of virus and the effects of antiviral therapy on this phenomenon. Further studies to delineate the relationship between asymptomatic detection of HSV in the genital tract and the mechanism of sexual transmission of this virus need to be conducted before clinicians instigate antiviral suppressive treatment primarily to prevent sexual transmission of HSV. However, it is important that the new data and our greater understanding of the natural history of genital herpes is translated into accurate and comprehensible information for our patients.

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus-2 transmission probability estimates based on quantity of viral shedding

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (95) ◽  
pp. 20140160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Schiffer ◽  
Bryan T. Mayer ◽  
Youyi Fong ◽  
David A. Swan ◽  
Anna Wald
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Transmission Probability ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
High Utility ◽  
Simplex Virus

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 is periodically shed in the human genital tract, most often asymptomatically, and most sexual transmissions occur during asymptomatic shedding. It would be helpful to identify a genital viral load threshold necessary for transmission, as clinical interventions that maintain viral quantity below this level would be of high utility. However, because viral expansion, decay and re-expansion kinetics are extremely rapid during shedding episodes, it is impossible to directly measure genital viral load at the time of sexual activity. We developed a mathematical model based on reproducing shedding patterns in transmitting partners, and median number of sex acts prior to transmission in discordant couples, to estimate infectivity of single viral particles in the negative partner's genital tract. We then inferred probability estimates for transmission at different levels of genital tract viral load in the transmitting partner. We predict that transmission is unlikely at viral loads less than 10 4 HSV DNA copies. Moreover, most transmissions occur during prolonged episodes with high viral copy numbers. Many shedding episodes that result in transmission do not reach the threshold of clinical detection, because the ulcer remains very small, highlighting one reason why HSV-2 spreads so effectively within populations.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Throughput Quantitative Assay for Detecting Herpes Simplex Virus DNA in Clinical Samples

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Ryncarz ◽  
James Goddard ◽  
Anna Wald ◽  
Meei-Li Huang ◽  
Bernard Roizman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simplex Virus

We have developed a high-throughput, semiautomated, quantitative fluorescence-based PCR assay to detect and type herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical samples. The detection assay, which uses primers to the type-common region of HSV glycoprotein B (gB), was linear from <10 to 108 copies of HSV DNA/20 μl of sample. Among duplicate samples in reproducibility runs, the assay showed less than 5% variability. We compared the fluorescence-based PCR assay with culture and gel-based liquid hybridization system with 335 genital tract specimens from HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive persons attending a research clinic and 380 consecutive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples submitted to a diagnostic virology laboratory. Among the 162 culture-positive genital tract specimens, TaqMan PCR was positive for 157 (97%) specimens, whereas the quantitative-competitive PCR was positive for 144 (89%) specimens. Comparisons of the mean titer of HSV DNA detected by the two assays revealed that the mean titer detected by the gel-based system was slightly higher (median, 1 log). These differences in titers were in part related to the fivefold difference in the amount of HSV DNA used in the amplicon standards with the two assays. Among the 380 CSF samples, 42 were positive by both assays, 13 were positive only by the assay with the agarose gel, and 3 were positive only by the assay with the fluorescent probe. To define the subtype of HSV DNA detected in the screening assay, we also designed one set of primers which amplifies the gG regions of both types of HSV and probes which are specific to either HSV-1 (gG1) or HSV-2 (gG2). These probes were labeled with different fluorescent dyes (6-carboxyfluorescein for gG2 and 6-hexachlorofluorescein for gG1) to enable detection in a single PCR. In mixing experiments the probes discriminated the correct subtype in mixtures with up to a 7-log-higher concentration of the opposite subtype. The PCR typing results showed 100% concordance with the results obtained by assays with monoclonal antibodies against HSV-1 or HSV-2. Thus, while the real-time PCR is slightly less sensitive than the gel-based liquid hybridization system, the high throughput, the lack of contamination during processing, the better reproducibility, and the better ability to type the isolates rapidly make the real-time PCR a valuable tool for clinical investigation and diagnosis of HSV infection.

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