scholarly journals A Cloned Antigen (Recombinant K39) ofLeishmania chagasiDiagnostic for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Patients and a Prognostic Indicator for Monitoring Patients Undergoing Drug Therapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Houghton ◽  
Madalina Petrescu ◽  
Darin R. Benson ◽  
Yasir A. W. Skeiky ◽  
Aldo Scalone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Drug Therapy Alters the Profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific T-Cell Responses and Shifts the Immunodominant Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response from Gag to Pol

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 11543-11548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Karlsson ◽  
J. M. Chapman ◽  
B. D. Heiken ◽  
R. Hoh ◽  
E. G. Kallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
And Shifts

ABSTRACT Antiretroviral drug therapy and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) both exert selective pressures on human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which influence viral evolution. Compared to chronically infected, antiretroviral-untreated patients, most chronically infected, treated patients with detectable viremia lack a cellular immune response against the Gag 77-85(SL9) epitope but show a new immunodominant response against an epitope in protease PR 76-84. Hence, mutations induced by antiretroviral therapy likely alter the profile of epitopes presented to T cells and thus the direction of the response. The consequences of dual pressures from treatment and CTL need to be considered in monitoring of drug therapy.

scholarly journals Low Sensitivity of Peripheral Blood Smear for Diagnosis of Subclinical Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Delgado ◽  
J. A. Pineda ◽  
J. Macías ◽  
C. Regordán ◽  
J. A. Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

The peripheral blood smear is an easy method for the diagnosis of symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. However, its efficiency in diagnosing subclinical VL remains unknown. In this study,Leishmania amastigotes were seen in blood smears from 1 of 13 HIV-1-positive individuals with subclinical VL. This shows that this procedure is not suitable for subclinical-VL diagnosis.

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