Organ Partitioning and Distribution across the Seed Plants: Assessing the Relative Importance of Phylogeny and Function

2007 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. McCarthy ◽  
Brian J. Enquist ◽  
Andrew J. Kerkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Seed Plants ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
And Function

Age and Perceptions of Usability on Telephone Menu Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Reynolds ◽  
Sara J. Czaja ◽  
Joseph Sharit
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Real World ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Menu System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sample Set

The objectives of this study were to determine if older adults encounter difficulty using real-world telephone menu system applications and to gather data on the usability features of these systems. Six real-world telephone menu systems, which varied in complexity and function, were examined. The sample included 32 community dwelling adults ranging in age from 18–80 years. Participants interacted with the menu systems to perform a sample set of tasks. They were also asked to rate the usability features of the system in terms of their goodness and their relative importance. The data indicated that in addition to taking longer, the older adults tended to have more difficulty performing the tasks. The findings also indicated that memorability was an important usability feature, and that the ratings of overall usability and overall satisfaction were significantly worse for the older adults.

Herbaceous monocot plant form and function along a tropical rain-forest light gradient: a reversal of dicot strategy

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
High Degree

Whole plant form and function vary spectacularly across the seed plants. In recent years, plant evolutionary ecologists have begun to document this diversity on large geographic scales by analysing ‘functional traits’ that are indicative of whole plant performance across environmental gradients (Swenson & Enquist 2007, Wright et al. 2004). Despite the high degree of functional diversity in tropical forests, convergence in function does occur locally along successional or light gradients (Bazzaz & Pickett 1980, Swaine & Whitmore 1988).

Geospatial Technology

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Richard G. Boehm ◽  
Audrey Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Important Position ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Training

Research into the nature and function of curricular matters in applied geography has provided an opportunity to assess the penetration and relative importance of geospatial technology to the discipline of geography. Departments of Geography with degree programs in applied geography were surveyed to find out how important geospatial technology was in the preparation of students for meaningful jobs and careers. The Applied Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) was also surveyed about the value of geospatial technology, as was the 95 academic programs that listed applied geography as a “program specialty” in the AAG Guide to Geography Programs in the Americas. There was a uniform agreement across these various groups that geospatial technology occupied an extremely important position in their overall course offerings, and if you are watching the workplace, such courses are not only sensible but offer critical employable skills for students upon graduation. It is widely known that geospatial technology education and training require a large commitment of departmental resources, including faculty lines, equipment expenditures, space, and technical support. A geography department and its university’s administration have to understand these unique requirements and allocate resources, more akin to a computer science department than a traditional academic unit. This reality is of immediate importance to geography departments because almost one quarter of all academic jobs advertised in geography over the last six years have been in the broad area of geospatial technology. A final conclusion to this research is a policy matter that suggests geography departments take a strong proprietorial position toward providing education in geospatial technology because other disciplines and training programs see opportunities in a rapidly expanding workplace skill and they are aggressively pursuing a niche of their own.

scholarly journals Ovule development in Cycads: observation on anatomy and nucellus morphology in Zamia and Cycas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Plants ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Pollination Drop ◽  
Primary Acceptor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ovule Evolution

AbstractIn the ovule evolution, the integument is the most attention point in discussion as a morphologic character of the seed plants. There are several theories and hypotheses about the origin of the integument were presented in the history. However, the development and function of the ovule envelopes are not so clear until now. The development of thehe basal gymnosperms Cycas and Zamia were to investigated, especially of the integument to complement the existing knowledge in seed plants. The development of ovules of seed plant is documented with morphological and anatomical using LM and SEM.The nucellar beak found in Zamia is a structure that has not been recorded previously. It protrudes from the micropyle at pollination and may be the primary acceptor for pollen. There are striking similarities to the lagenostom or salpinx in Lyginopteridatae. There may be an evolutionary way to interpret the pollination drop existing in the Lyginopteridatae. Probably the nucellar beak of Cycads, even Ginkgoales have the same function with the lagenostom or salpinx of the Lyginopteridatea. Unfortunately, pollen and transport inside the pollination chambers have not been observed. Further analysis of this unusual structure seems to be very important.

The principal offices of the Ṣafawid state during the reign of Ṭahmāsp I (930–84/1524–76)

1961 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Savory
Keyword(s):  
Previous Article ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
And Function

IN a previous article, we noted that by the time of the death of Shāh Isma'īl I (19 Rajab 930/23 May 1524) it is possible to observe certain trends in the development of the principal offices of the Ṣafawid state. During the last decade of the reign of Isma'īl I, there had been a movement away from the theocratic form of government which obtained at the time of the establishment of the Ṣafawid state, and this was reflected in changes both in the scope and function and in the relative importance of the principal offices of state: there was a tendency to lay less emphasis on the paramount position of the wakīl as the vicegerent of the Shāh (wakīl-i nafs-i nafīs-i humāyūn), and to regard him rather as the head of the bureaucracy; there was a decline in the power of the ṣadr; and Isma'īl himself took steps to curb the power of the amīr al-umarā.

Geospatial Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Boehm ◽  
Audrey Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Programs ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Academic Unit ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Important Position ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Training

Research into the nature and function of curricular matters in applied geography has provided an opportunity to assess the penetration and relative importance of geospatial technology to the discipline of geography. Departments of Geography with degree programs in applied geography were surveyed to find out how important geospatial technology was in the preparation of students for meaningful jobs and careers. The Applied Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) was also surveyed about the value of geospatial technology, as was the 95 academic programs that listed applied geography as a “program specialty” in the AAG Guide to Geography Programs in the Americas. There was a uniform agreement across these various groups that geospatial technology occupied an extremely important position in their overall course offerings, and if you are watching the workplace, such courses are not only sensible but offer critical employable skills for students upon graduation. It is widely known that geospatial technology education and training require a large commitment of departmental resources, including faculty lines, equipment expenditures, space, and technical support. A geography department and its university’s administration have to understand these unique requirements and allocate resources, more akin to a computer science department than a traditional academic unit. This reality is of immediate importance to geography departments because almost one quarter of all academic jobs advertised in geography over the last six years have been in the broad area of geospatial technology. A final conclusion to this research is a policy matter that suggests geography departments take a strong proprietorial position toward providing education in geospatial technology because other disciplines and training programs see opportunities in a rapidly expanding workplace skill and they are aggressively pursuing a niche of their own.

Relative importance of the endomycorrhizal and (or) ectomycorrhizal associations in Allocasuarina and Casuarina genera

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Duponnois ◽  
S Diédhiou ◽  
J L Chotte ◽  
M Ourey Sy
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Axenic Conditions ◽  
And Function

This work was carried out to determine the relative importance of the endomycorrhizal and (or) ectomycorrhizal association in species of Casuarina and Allocasuarina. Under axenic conditions, Pisolithus and Scleroderma isolates formed ectomycorrhizas with a mantle and a Hartig net on Allocasuarina verticillata but failed to form a Hartig net on Casuarina glauca. In a controlled soil system, C. glauca was inoculated with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, and A. verticillata was inoculated with Pisolithus albus IR100 Bougher & Smith and (or) G. intraradices. Both symbionts significantly stimulated growth in both plant species. For A. verticillata, its growth response to ectomycorrhizal inoculation was higher than to endomycorrhizal inoculation. When both symbionts were inoculated, antagonism among the fungal isolates was observed with a higher ectomycorrhizal colonization. These results showed that A. verticillata was ectomycorrhizal dependent, whereas C. glauca was endomycorrhizal dependent. From a practical point of view, this study shows the importance of selecting compatible mycorrhizal fungi for developing successful inoculation programmes. In addition, it would help to further research and determine the effect of ecto- and endo-mycorrhizal symbiosis on the formation and function of N2-fixing actinorhizal nodules.Key words: Casuarinaceae, ectomycorrhizas, arbuscular mycorrhizas, plant growth.

Effect of elevated [CO2] on cell structure and function in seed plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Pooja Gokhale Sinha ◽  
Ashok Kumar Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
And Function
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