Host Life‐History Strategy Explains Pathogen‐Induced Sterility

2006 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Bonds
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Host Life

scholarly journals Host Life History Strategy, Species Diversity, and Habitat Influence Trypanosoma cruzi Vector Infection in Changing Landscapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Gottdenker ◽  
Luis Fernando Chaves ◽  
José E. Calzada ◽  
Azael Saldaña ◽  
C. Ronald Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Host Life

Modelling the influence of host community composition in a sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi system

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 1881-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA ERAZO ◽  
JUAN CORDOVEZ ◽  
CAROLINA CABRERA ◽  
JOSE E. CALZADA ◽  
AZAEL SALDAÑA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

SUMMARYSpecies composition of wild reservoir hosts can influence the transmission and maintenance of multi-host vector borne pathogens. The ‘pace of life’ hypothesis proposes that the life history strategy of reservoir hosts can influence pathogen transmission of vector borne generalist pathogens. We use empirical data to parameterize a mathematical model that investigates the impacts of host life history traits on vector transmission dynamics of the vector-borne multi-host parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in habitats characterized by different degrees of deforestation and varying host community structure. The model considers susceptible and infected vector and host populations. When comparing the proportion of vectors infected with T. cruzi predicted by the model with empirical data, we found a trend of increasing vector infection as anthropogenic landscape disturbance increases for both data and model output. The model's vector infection rates were significantly lower than empirical results, but when incorporating host congenital transmission in the model, vector infection approaches field data. We conclude that intervened habitats associated with r-selected host species communities predict higher proportions of infected vectors.

scholarly journals The microbiota influences theDrosophila melanogasterlife history strategy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber W. Walters ◽  
Melinda K. Matthews ◽  
Rachel Hughes ◽  
Jaanna Malcolm ◽  
Seth Rudman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Life

AbstractOrganismal life history traits are ideally adapted to local environments when an organism has a fitness advantage in one location relative to conspecifics from other geographies. Local adaptation has been best studied across, for example, latitudinal gradients, where organisms may tradeoff between investment in traits that maximize one, but not both, fitness components of somatic maintenance or reproductive output in the context of finite environmental resources. Latitudinal gradients in life history strategies are traditionally attributed to environmentally mediated selection on an animal’s genotype, without any consideration of the possible impact of associated microorganisms (‘microbiota’) on life history traits. Here we show that inDrosophila melanogaster, a key organism for studying local adaptation and life history strategies, associated microorganisms can drive life history variation. First, we reveal that an isogenic fly line reared with different bacteria vary the investment in early reproduction versus somatic maintenance, with little resultant variation in lifetime fitness. Next, we show that in wildDrosophilathe abundance of these same bacteria was correlated with the latitude and life history strategy of the flies, and bacterial abundance was driven at least in part by host genetic selection. Finally, by eliminating or manipulating the microbiota of fly lines collected across a latitudinal gradient, we reveal that host genotype contributes to latitude-specific life history traits independent of the microbiota; but that the microbiota can override these host genetic adaptations. Taken together, these findings establish the microbiota as an essential consideration in local adaptation and life history evolution.Significance statementExplanations of local adaptation have historically focused on how animal genotypes respond to environmental selection. Although the impact of variation in host life histories on the composition of the microbiota has been investigated for many associations, the scale and pattern of microbial effects on host life history strategy are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterthat microbiota effects on host life history strategy in the laboratory are matched by patterns of microbiota composition in wild host populations. In particular, microbiota composition varies with latitude and the effects of the microbiota on life history traits are greater than host genetic adaptations. Together, these findings demonstrate that the microbiota plays an important role in local adaptation.

The biogeography of human diversity in life history strategy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
Steven C. Hertler ◽  
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Human Diversity

Experimentally increased costs of parental care are shunted to offspring in species with extended care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Trade Offs

Biparental care systems are a valuable model to examine conflict, cooperation, and coordination between unrelated individuals, as the product of the interactions between the parents influences the fitness of both individuals. A common experimental technique for testing coordinated responses to changes in the costs of parental care is to temporarily handicap one parent, inducing a higher cost of providing care. However, dissimilarity in experimental designs of these studies has hindered interspecific comparisons of the patterns of cost distribution between parents and offspring. Here we apply a comparative experimental approach by handicapping a parent at nests of five bird species using the same experimental treatment. In some species, a decrease in care by a handicapped parent was compensated by its partner, while in others the increased costs of care were shunted to the offspring. Parental responses to an increased cost of care primarily depended on the total duration of care that offspring require. However, life history pace (i.e., adult survival and fecundity) did not influence parental decisions when faced with a higher cost of caring. Our study highlights that a greater attention to intergenerational trade-offs is warranted, particularly in species with a large burden of parental care. Moreover, we demonstrate that parental care decisions may be weighed more against physiological workload constraints than against future prospects of reproduction, supporting evidence that avian species may devote comparable amounts of energy into survival, regardless of life history strategy.

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