scholarly journals Serious Infections in the Intensive Care Unit: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S116-S117
Author(s):  
Tricina Cash ◽  
David Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Serious Infections

Nghiên cứu mức độ kháng kháng sinh của các vi khuẩn gram âm không lên men gây viêm phổi ở bệnh nhân thở máy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tram Anh Que
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fermentative Bacteria

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Viêm phổi liên quan thở máy là bệnh lý nhiễm khuẩn bệnh viện rất thường gặp trong đơn vị hồi sức tích cực. Có nhiều vi khuẩn gây viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, trong đó các vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men như Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonasaeruginosa,.. là những vi khuẩn gây bệnh hàng đầu và có mức độ kháng kháng sinh cao. Phương pháp: Một nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện ở các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men phân lập được từ các mẫu đờm của bệnh nhân thở máy trên 48 giờ điều trị tại các khoa Hồi sức tích cực - Ngoại khoa Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An năm từ 1/2020 đến 6/2021. Kết quả: Phân lập được 120 chủng Vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men, trong đó, Acinetobacter baumannii 85 chủng, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 31 chủng. Acinetobacter baumannii có mức độ đề kháng trên 70% với tất cả các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, trong đó kháng cao nhất với Ceftriaxone 96,9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa kháng với tất cả các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, kháng cao nhất với Gentamycin 80,0%, kháng thấp nhất với Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32,3%. Kết luận: Vi khuẩn không lên men là những tác nhân chính gây viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, phổ biến nhất là Acinetobacter baumannii và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Những vi khuẩn này kháng cao với các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, trong đó, A. baumannii kháng trên 70% các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, P. aeruginosa kháng tất cả kháng sinh thử nghiệm với mức độ khác nhau tử 32,3 - 80,0%. ABSTRACT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF NON - FERMENTABLE GRAM - NEGATIVE BACTERIA CAUSING PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH MECHANICALLY VENTILATION Background: Ventilator - associated pneumonia is a very common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit. Many bacteria cause ventilator - associated pneumonia, in which non - fermentative Gram - negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc., are the leading pathogens and have high antibiotic resistance. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on non - fermentative bacteria strains causing ventilator - associated pneumonia which were isolated at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Department of Nghe An General Friendship Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. Results: A total of 120 strains of non - fermenting Gram - negative bacteria were isolated. Of these, 85 strains were Acinetobacter baumannii, 31 strains was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter baumannii has a resistance rate of more than 70% with all tested antibiotics, of which the highest resistance is to Ceftriaxone 96.9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa was resistant to all tested antibiotics, with the highest resistance to Gentamycin80.0%, the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32.3%. Conclusion: Non - fermentative bacteria are the main pathogens of ventilator - associated pneumonia. The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. In which, A. baumannii resisted over 70% of the tested antibiotics, and P. aeruginosa resisted all tested antibiotics with varying degrees from 32.3 to 80.0%. Keywords: Ventilation associated pneumonia, VAP, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii.

scholarly journals blaVIM- and blaOXA-mediated carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the Mulago hospital intensive care unit in Kampala, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Aruhomukama ◽  
Christine F. Najjuka ◽  
Henry Kajumbula ◽  
Moses Okee ◽  
Gerald Mboowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospital Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Background Between January 2015 and July 2017, we investigated the frequency of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) at the Mulago Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in Kampala, Uganda. Carbapenemase production and carbapenemase gene carriage among CRAB and CRPA were determined; mobility potential of carbapenemase genes via horizontal gene transfer processes was also studied. Methods Clinical specimens from 9269 patients were processed for isolation of CRAB and CRPA. Drug susceptibility testing was performed with the disk diffusion method. Carriage of carbapenemase genes and class 1 integrons was determined by PCR. Conjugation experiments that involved blaVIM positive CRAB/CRPA (donors) and sodium azide resistant Escherichia coli J53 (recipient) were performed. Results The 9269 specimens processed yielded 1077 and 488 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Of these, 2.7% (29/1077) and 7.4% (36/488) were confirmed to be CRAB and CRPA respectively, but 46 were available for analysis (21 CRAB and 25 CRPA). Majority of specimens yielding CRAB and CRPA were from the ICU (78%) while 20 and 2% were from the ENT (Ear Nose & Throat) Department and the Burns Unit, respectively. Carbapenemase assays performed with the MHT assay showed that 40 and 33% of CRPA and CRAB isolates respectively, were carbapenemase producers. Also, 72 and 48% of CRPA and CRAB isolates respectively, were metallo-beta-lactamase producers. All the carbapenemase producing isolates were multidrug resistant but susceptible to colistin. blaVIM was the most prevalent carbapenemase gene, and it was detected in all CRAB and CRPA isolates while blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 were detected in 29 and 24% of CRAB isolates, respectively. Co-carriage of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 occurred in 14% of CRAB isolates. Moreover, 63% of the study isolates carried class 1 integrons; of these 31% successfully transferred blaVIM to E. coli J53. Conclusions CRAB and CRPA prevalence at the Mulago Hospital ICU is relatively low but carbapenemase genes especially blaVIM and blaOXA-23 are prevalent among them. This requires strengthening of infection control practices to curb selection and transmission of these strains in the hospital.

scholarly journals INCIDÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO RELACIONADA À ASSISTÊNCIA À SAÚDE NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DE UM HOSPITAL DE MÉDIO PORTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fabrício Rota FRANÇA ◽  
Thaíse Lucimara HAUCH ◽  
Carmem Costa MARTINS ◽  
Elena Carla Batista MENDES ◽  
Dora Inés KOZUSNY-ANDREANI
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

As Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva estão relacionadas ao estado clínico dos pacientes, procedimentos invasivos, tempo de internação prolongado e colonização por microrganismos resistentes. O estudo objetiva identificar a incidência de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, distribuição por microrganismo e respectivas sensibilidades antimicrobianas. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, documental de abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado levantamento dos índices de infecção hospitalar em pacientes da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de médio porte, registrados em fichas de notificação do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH), no período de abril a dezembro de 2016. Foram analisadas 120 culturas de pacientes internados no período de março a dezembro de 2016, sendo 61 (50,83%) do sexo masculino e 59 (49,17%) do sexo feminino. Foram identificados vários microrganismos em diferentes culturas, a serem: E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus coag Neg, Acinetobacter baumannii e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A maioria dos microrganismos é sensível a amicacina, ampicillin/sulba, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacillin e sulfazotrim. A incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica foi de 22,11% e de infecção urinária associada a cateter vesical de demora correspondeu a 6,34%. Os microrganismos identificados são comuns na maioria das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e a incidência de infecção mostrou-se baixa em relação aos índices estipulados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados podem contribuir com a instituição hospitalar pesquisada para intensificar a educação continuada sobre higienização das mãos e a prevenção de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde.   INFECTION INCIDENCE RELATED TO HEALTH ASSISTANCE AT AN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN A MEDIUM-SIZE HOSPITAL ABSTRACT Infections Related to Health Assistance (IRHA) at Intensive Care Units are related to the clinical status of the patients, invasive procedures, long period of hospitalization and resistant microorganism colonization. This study aims to identify the incidence of infections related to health assistance at an Intensive Care Unit, distribution by microorganism and respective antimicrobial sensitiveness.  It is a retrospective document of quantitative approach. It was conducted a survey of hospital infection rates from patients at Intensive Care Unit in a medium-size hospital, they were recorded in notification forms of Hospital Infection Control Service (HICS), from April to December 2016. From March to December 2016, 120 cultures of hospitalized patients were analyzed, they were 61 (50,83%) male gender and 59 (49,17%) female gender. Several microorganisms were identified in different cultures, being them: E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus coag Neg, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most of the microorganisms is amikacin sensitive, ampicillin/sulba, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin and sulfazotrim. The pneumonia incidence associated to mechanical ventilation was 22,11% and urinary infection associated to permanent vesical catheter was 6,34%. The microorganisms identified are common in most of Intensive Care Units and the incidence of infections was low regarding to the rates specified by Health Ministry. The results may contribute with the present hospital institution in order to intensify continuing education about hands sanitizing and infection prevention related to health assistance.  keywords: Hospital infection. Intensive Care Unit. Microorganisms.

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