Research on Interventions for Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Related to Higher-Order Processing

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Processing

The novel guanylyl cyclase MsGC-I is strongly expressed in higher-order neuropils in the brain of Manduca sexta

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nighorn ◽  
P.J. Simpson ◽  
D.B. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclases ◽  
The Brain

Guanylyl cyclases are usually characterized as being either soluble (sGCs) or receptor (rGCs). We have recently cloned a novel guanylyl cyclase, MsGC-I, from the developing nervous system of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta that cannot be classified as either an sGC or an rGC. MsGC-I shows highest sequence identity with receptor guanylyl cyclases throughout its catalytic and dimerization domains, but does not contain the ligand-binding, transmembrane or kinase-like domains characteristic of receptor guanylyl cyclases. In addition, MsGC-I contains a C-terminal extension of 149 amino acid residues. In this paper, we report the expression of MsGC-I in the adult. Northern blots show that it is expressed preferentially in the nervous system, with high levels in the pharate adult brain and antennae. In the antennae, immunohistochemical analyses show that it is expressed in the cell bodies and dendrites, but not axons, of olfactory receptor neurons. In the brain, it is expressed in a variety of sensory neuropils including the antennal and optic lobes. It is also expressed in structures involved in higher-order processing including the mushroom bodies and central complex. This complicated expression pattern suggests that this novel guanylyl cyclase plays an important role in mediating cyclic GMP levels in the nervous system of Manduca sexta.

Science Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Therrien ◽  
Jonte C. Taylor ◽  
John L. Hosp ◽  
Erica R. Kaldenberg ◽  
Jay Gorsh
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities

Perceptual Grouping of Dots in Noise

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
S P Tripathy ◽  
A J Mussap ◽  
H B Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Line Detection ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Correct Performance ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Observers were asked to report the orientation of alignment (horizontal vs vertical) of a group of target dots embedded in randomly placed noise dots. For this perceptual grouping task, sensitivity (the number of noise dots giving 75% correct performance) was measured as a function of the number of target dots. We report surprising tolerance to positional jitter of target dots, with far less tolerance exhibited to alignment jitter than separation jitter. In this respect, perceptual grouping in our task resembles line detection. In a further series of experiments the target was produced by positional shifts of an appropriate number of noise dots, rather than by addition of target dots to the noise dots (this procedure minimised density cues). The improvement in sensitivity with increasing number of target dots was found to be linear (when plotted on log — log axes) with a slope of 0.5, as opposed to bilinear [cf B Moulden, 1994, in Higher-Order Processing in the Visual System Eds G R Bock, J A Goode (Chichester: John Wiley) pp 170 – 192]. This linearity suggests that, over the range of target dot numbers tested, a single mechanism may be sufficient to explain performance.

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