scholarly journals Bacterial Vaginosis and Susceptibility to HIV Infection in South African Women: A Nested Case‐Control Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 (8) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Myer ◽  
Lynette Denny ◽  
Robin Telerant ◽  
Michelle de Souza ◽  
Thomas C. Wright, Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
South African ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
African Women ◽  
South African Women ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Ranking lifestyle risk factors for cervical cancer among Black women: A case-control study from Johannesburg, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260319
Author(s):  
Mwiza Gideon Singini ◽  
Freddy Sitas ◽  
Debbie Bradshaw ◽  
Wenlong Carl Chen ◽  
Melitah Motlhale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Case Control ◽  
African Women ◽  
South African Women ◽  
Control Study

Background Aside from human papillomavirus (HPV), the role of other risk factors in cervical cancer such as age, education, parity, sexual partners, smoking and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been described but never ranked in order of priority. We evaluated the contribution of several known lifestyle co-risk factors for cervical cancer among black South African women. Methods We used participant data from the Johannesburg Cancer Study, a case-control study of women recruited mainly at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital between 1995 and 2016. A total of 3,450 women in the study had invasive cervical cancers, 95% of which were squamous cell carcinoma. Controls were 5,709 women with cancers unrelated to exposures of interest. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We ranked these risk factors by their population attributable fractions (PAF), which take the local prevalence of exposure among the cases and risk into account. Results Cervical cancer in decreasing order of priority was associated with (1) being HIV positive (ORadj = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.53–3.14, PAF = 17.6%), (2) lower educational attainment (ORadj = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.44–1.77, PAF = 16.2%), (3) higher parity (3+ children vs 2–1 children (ORadj = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07–1.46, PAF = 12.6%), (4) hormonal contraceptive use (ORadj = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.24–1.77, PAF = 8.9%), (5) heavy alcohol consumption (ORadj = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15–1.81, PAF = 5.6%), (6) current smoking (ORadj = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.41–1.91, PAF = 5.1%), and (7) rural residence (ORadj = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.44–1.77, PAF = 4.4%). Conclunsion This rank order of risks could be used to target educational messaging and appropriate interventions for cervical cancer prevention in South African women.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Influencing HIV Infection Incidence in a Rural African Population: A Nested Case‐Control Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Todd ◽  
Heiner Grosskurth ◽  
John Changalucha ◽  
Angela Obasi ◽  
Frank Mosha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
African Population ◽  
Infection Incidence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Timing, Dosage, and Adherence of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Taiwan: A Nested Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Lin Chiu ◽  
Wen-Miin Liang ◽  
Ju-Pi Li ◽  
Chi-Fung Cheng ◽  
Jian-Shiun Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Current Exposure

The progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is delayed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, long-term ART is associated with adverse effects. Osteoporosis is one of the adverse effects and is a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease associated with bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture. We performed a longitudinal, comprehensive, nested case-control study to explore the effect of ART on the risk of osteoporosis in 104 osteoporotic and 416 non-osteoporotic patients with HIV infection at their average age about 29 years old in Taiwan. Patients with history of ART, current exposure to ART, higher cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs), or higher ART adherence were at a higher risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Patients receiving nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing regimen (zidovudine-lamivudine combination, lamivudine-abacavir combination, and abacavir alone) and protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen (lopinavir-ritonavir combination, ritonavir, and atazanavir) had a higher risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Especially, patients receiving high doses of the PIs lopinavir-ritonavir combination had an increased risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, history of ART, current exposure to ART, higher cumulative DDDs, and higher ART adherence were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, NRTI- and PI-containing regimens and high doses of PIs lopinavir-ritonavir combination may be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in patients with HIV infection in Taiwan.

scholarly journals HIV infection as a risk factor for vaginal dysbiosis, bacterial vaginosis, and candidosis in pregnancy: A matched case‐control study

Birth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Foessleitner ◽  
Ljubomir Petricevic ◽  
Isabell Boerger ◽  
Irene Steiner ◽  
Herbert Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study ◽  
In Pregnancy

Determinants of Kaposi Sarcoma during HIV infection: A nested case-control study from Yaoundé, Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽  
Emmanuel Armand Kouotou ◽  
Dahlia Noëlle Tounouga ◽  
Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study
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