scholarly journals HIV infection as a risk factor for vaginal dysbiosis, bacterial vaginosis, and candidosis in pregnancy: A matched case‐control study

Birth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Foessleitner ◽  
Ljubomir Petricevic ◽  
Isabell Boerger ◽  
Irene Steiner ◽  
Herbert Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study ◽  
In Pregnancy

Consumption of uncooked deer meat as a risk factor for hepatitis E virus infection: An age- and sex-matched case-control study

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchin Tei ◽  
Naoto Kitajima ◽  
Shunji Ohara ◽  
Yoshifumi Inoue ◽  
Masaharu Miki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Age And Sex

Blood Transfusion as a Risk Factor for Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 81 (15) ◽  
pp. 1189-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. FUKUDA ◽  
K. SUGIMACHI ◽  
S. TOKUDOME ◽  
M. IKEDA ◽  
S. KOGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Risk factors for sporadic infection withSalmonellaInfantis: a matched case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BASSAL ◽  
A. REISFELD ◽  
I. NISSAN ◽  
V. AGMON ◽  
D. TARAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThis matched case-control study investigated the risk factors for sporadicSalmonellaInfantis infection in 263 affected children and 263 age-, gender- and neighbourhood-matched controls. Information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. Age groups ⩽1 year (n = 77) and >1 year (n = 186) were analysed separately. Of those aged ⩽1 year, breastfeeding was a significant protective factor against infection [matched odds ratio (mOR) 0·24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·10–0·59,P < 0·01]. In the older group, consumption of eggs (mOR 1·87, 95% CI 1·00–3·49,P = 0·05) was a significant risk factor and thawing chicken in water (mOR 2·55, 95% CI 0·94–6·91,P = 0·07) was borderline risk factor, while consumption of carrots (mOR 0·46, 95% CI 0·26–0·83,P < 0·01), drinking tap water (mOR 0·44, 95% CI 0·22–0·85,P = 0·02), religious lifestyle (mOR 0·40, 95% CI 0·21–0·74,P < 0·01) and having a high number of children in the household (mOR 0·72, 95% CI 0·58–0·88,P < 0·01) were significant protective factors. Consumers should avoid eating undercooked eggs and food handlers should be educated regarding proper handling and cooking of eggs. Breastfeeding should be strongly encouraged by public health authorities. The public must be educated on stringent hygiene practices, especially proper cooking of eggs to reduce infection rates.

scholarly journals Investigation of an extensive outbreak of HIV infection among children in Sindh, Pakistan: protocol for a matched case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e036723
Author(s):  
Amna R Siddiqui ◽  
Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽  
Syed H Abidi ◽  
Syed Faisal Mahmood ◽  
Iqbal Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionIn April 2019, 14 children were diagnosed with HIV infection by a private healthcare provider in Larkana district, Sindh province, Pakistan. Over the next 3 months, 930 individuals were diagnosed with HIV, >80% below 16 years, the largest ever outbreak of HIV in children in Pakistan. In this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing likely modes of HIV transmission in this outbreak and investigate spatial and molecular epidemiology.Methods and analysisA matched case–control study will be conducted with 406 cases recruited. Cases will be children aged below 16 years registered for care at the HIV treatment centre at Shaikh Zayed Children Hospital in Larkana City. Controls will be children who are HIV-uninfected (confirmed by a rapid HIV test) matched 1:1 by age (within 1 year), sex and neighbourhood. Following written informed consent from the guardian, a structured questionnaire will be administered to collect data on sociodemographic indices and exposure to risk factors for parenteral, vertical and sexual (only among those aged above 10 years) HIV transmission. A blood sample will be collected for hepatitis B and C serology (cases and controls) and HIV lineage studies (cases only). Mothers of participants will be tested for HIV to investigate the possibility of mother-to-child transmission. Conditional logistic regression will be used to investigate the association of a priori defined risk factors with HIV infection. Phylogenetic analyses will be conducted. Global positioning system coordinates of participants’ addresses will be collected to investigate concordance between the genetic and spatial epidemiology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the Aga Khan University, Karachi. Study results will be shared with Sindh and National AIDS Control Programs, relevant governmental and non-governmental organisations, presented at national and international research conferences and published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.

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