Methods in Enzymology. Volume XXXVI (Hormone Action, Part A: Steroid Hormones). Bert W. O'Malley , Joel G. HardmanMethods in Enzymology. Volume XXXVII (Hormone Action, Part B: Peptide Hormones). Bert W. O'Malley , Joel G. HardmanMethods in Enzymology. Volume XXXVIII (Hormone Action, Part C: Cyclic Nucleotides). Bert W. O'Malley , Joel G. HardmanMethods in Enzymology. Volume XXXIX (Hormone Action, Part D: Isolated Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems). Bert W. O'Malley , Joel G. HardmanMethods in Enzymology. Volume XL (Hormone Action, Part E: Nuclear Structure and Function). Bert W. O'Malley , Joel G. Hardman

Receptors for peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are integral components of the plasma membrane of cells which serve to couple the external milieu to the intracellular regulators of metabolism. These macromolecules are usually high molecular weight glycoproteins, and in many cases appear to have more than one subunit capable of binding the hormone. The interaction of the hormone or neurotransmitter with its receptor is rapid, reversible, and of high affinity and specificity. Many receptors exhibit cooperative properties in hormone binding or biological function. The concentration of receptors on the membrane is a function of continued synthesis and degradation, and may be altered by a variety of factors including the hormone itself. The fluid mosaic nature of the membrane may allow hormone receptors and effectors to exist in free floating states. Further investigations of the hormone-receptor interaction will no doubt yield new insights into both the mechanism of hormone action and membrane structure and function.

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Nuclear envelope mechanobiology: linking the nuclear structure and function

Nucleus ◽

10.1080/19491034.2021.1962610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 90-114

Author(s):

Matthew Goelzer ◽

Julianna Goelzer ◽

Matthew L. Ferguson ◽

Corey P. Neu ◽

Gunes Uzer

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Envelope ◽

Nuclear Structure ◽

Structure And Function ◽

And Function

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The regulation of enzyme structure and function by steroid hormones

The American Journal of Medicine ◽

10.1016/0002-9343(62)90271-1 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K.Lemone Yielding ◽

Gordon M. Tomkins

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Enzyme Structure ◽

And Function ◽

Enzyme Structure And Function

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BACK TO BASICS

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.14.12.489 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 489-492

Author(s):

Jeffrey S. Rubenstein

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Autonomic Nerve ◽

Therapeutic Goals ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Organ Systems ◽

And Function

The last 20 years have seen an explosion in our knowledge of the autonomic nervous system and our ability to manipulate its parasympathetic and sympathetic portions pharmacologically to achieve therapeutic goals. This article will briefly review the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system, with particular focus on the sympathetic branch. Included in the review is a discussion of the major receptors of the sympathetic system, concentrating on their intracellular mechanism of action, their effects on major target organ systems, and some commonly used pharmacologic agents that influence these organ systems through their actions on sympathetic receptors. Structure and Function of the System The autonomic (or involuntary) nervous system innervates the heart, visceral organs, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. It can be divided functionally into the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, which have opposing functions. All autonomic nerve pathways consist of two nerves in sequence. Presynaptic nerves begin in the central nervous system and transmit impulses to the postsynaptic nerves. Postsynaptic nerves then carry impulses to the effector organ. Actions of the parasympathetic nervous system include bradycardia, vasodilation in skeletal muscle and skin, contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, increased gastrointestinal motility, pupillary miosis, and contraction of the bladder detrusor coupled with relaxation of the bladder trigone (necessary for spontaneous voiding).

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Sex and the cardiovascular system: the intriguing tale of how women and men regulate cardiovascular function differently

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advan.00099.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Virginia H. Huxley

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular System ◽

Cardiovascular Function ◽

Living System ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Men And Women ◽

Diagnostic Instruments ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Males And Females ◽

And Function

The ability to recognize and appreciate from a reproductive standpoint that males and females possess different attributes has been long standing. Only more recently have we begun to look more deeply into both the similarities and differences between men and women, as well as between boys and girls, with respect to the structure and function of other organ systems. This article focuses on the cardiovascular system, with examples of sex differences in the control of coronary function, blood pressure, and volume. Recognizing the differences between the sexes with respect to cardiovascular function facilitates understanding of the mechanisms whereby homeostasis can be achieved using different contributions or components of the living system. Furthermore, recognition of the differences as well as the similarities permits the design of appropriate diagnostic instruments, recognition of sex-specific pathophysiology, and implementation of appropriate treatment of cardiovascular disease in men and women.

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