The Peasant Family and Crime in Fourteenth-Century England

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hanawalt Westman
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Shed Light

Since the reading of their father's will, Robert and Thomas le Parker had been arguing over a piece of land which their father left to Thomas. Robert decided to force Thomas into a settlement and on the day of the murder had taken two of his kinsmen to Thomas's house. Abducting Thomas to his own house, Robert locked the door and began to threaten Thomas with a knife. Thomas tried to escape but, finding the door locked, he seized the knife from Robert and killed his brother in self-defense. When discussing the involvement of family in criminal activities, it seems appropriate to begin with the oldest crime in our tradition — that of brother killing brother, Cain killing Abel. But despite the sensational qualities of this type of dispute, normally the families who appear in medieval criminal records were cooperating in felonious activities rather than directing their wrath toward each other. More typical is the rather pedestrian case of Simon Tut of Wappenham and his son Richard, who were convicted for stealing sheep in Bodecote in Northamptonshire. This paper will examine several quantitative indices which will shed light on both intrafamilial crime and that involving family cooperation: the frequency of familial as compared with non-familial crimes; the specific types of crimes involving family and the degree of kinship between family members appearing in criminal courts. Finally, the essay will suggest some general conclusions about tensions in rural society and within the medieval peasant family which contributed to family involvement in crime.

scholarly journals Animating Idolatry: Making Ancestral Kin and Personhood in Ancient Peru

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
George F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Ritual Practices

Historical and archaeological records help shed light on the production, ritual practices, and personhood of cult objects characterizing the central Peruvian highlands after ca. AD 200. Colonial accounts indicate that descendant groups made and venerated stone images of esteemed forebears as part of small-scale local funerary cults. Prayers and supplications help illuminate how different artifact forms were seen as honored family members (forebears, elders, parents, siblings). Archaeology, meanwhile, shows the close associations between carved monoliths, tomb repositories, and restricted cult spaces. The converging lines of evidence are consistent with the hypothesis that production of stone images was the purview of family/lineage groups. As the cynosures of cult activity and devotion, the physical forms of ancestor effigies enabled continued physical engagements, which vitalized both the idol and descendant group.

scholarly journals Attitude Toward Family Involvement in End-of-Life Care Among Older Chinese Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 507-507
Author(s):  
Kaipeng Wang ◽  
Yanqin Liu ◽  
Fei Sun ◽  
Dexia Kong ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
Older Chinese Americans

Abstract Family involvement is critical to end-of-life (EOL) care of older adults. Attitude toward family involvement in EOL care can be influenced by family relationship. Yet, mechanisms explaining such influence have not been examined among older Chinese Americans. This study aims to examine the association between family relationship and older Chinese Americans’ attitude toward family involvement in EOL care and explore pathways of this association. Potential mediators include self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers of discussing EOL care with family members. Data were collected from 276 Chinese Americans aged 55+ in two metropolitan areas in 2018. Participants’ average age was 74 years (SD=9.6). Approximately 64% of the sample were female. Most participants (57%) held positive attitudes toward family involvement in EOL care. Using the Structural Equation Modeling method, we found that family relationship had a significant positive total effect on positive attitude toward family involvement in EOL care (z=5.57, p<0.001). Indirect direct of family relationship on attitude toward family involvement in EOL care through both self-efficacy (z=3.13, p<0.01) and perceived barriers (z=2.30, p<0.05) of discussing EOL care with family members was significant. Results suggest that improving family relationship may increase elder’s self-efficacy and reduce barriers of discussing EOL with family members, which is associated with more positive attitude toward family involvement in EOL care. Findings provide empirical evidence of how family relationship affects older Chinese Americans’ attitude toward family involvement in EOL care and underline the need for family-centered interventions for older Chinese Americans.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Nurses and Nursing Students Regarding Family Involvement in the Care of Hospitalized Adult Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Faygah M. Shibily ◽  
Nada S. Aljohani ◽  
Yara M. Aljefri ◽  
Aisha S. Almutairi ◽  
Wassaif Z. Almutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Centered Care

Over the past few decades, there have been concerns regarding the humanization of healthcare and the involvement of family members in patients’ hospital care. The attitudes of hospitals toward welcoming families in this respect have improved. In Arab culture, the main core of society is considered to be the family, not the individual. The objective behind involving family in patient care is to meet patients’ support needs. Consequently, this involvement affects nurses and their attitudes toward the importance of family involvement in patient care. Objectives: To describe nurses’ and nursing students’ perceptions of family involvement in the care of hospitalized adult patients in Saudi Arabia. Design: This study used a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design. The data were collected using a convenience sampling survey via social media. Results: A total of 270 participants (staff and students) took part in this study, including 232 (85.9%) females and 38 (14.1%) males. Moreover, a high percentage of participants (78.8%) acknowledged that family presence strongly affected the improvement of the patient’s condition. However, 69.3% of participants thought that involving family members during special care processes or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would be traumatizing for these individuals. Moreover, there was a significant diffidence between the attitudes of the nurses and nursing students toward family involvement and the number of years of employment (F = 3.60, p < 0.05). On the contrary, there were insignificant differences between the attitudes of the nurses and nursing students toward family involvement and their gender, nationality, age, education level, and years of work experience in Saudi Arabia (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between nurses’ years of employment and their support of family involvement in patient care (ß = −0.20, SE = 0.08, t = −2.70, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Nurses with more experience showed no support for family involvement in patient care. We have to consider the clinical barriers that affect nurses’ support for family involvement in patient-centered care, such as hospital polices, guidelines, and the model used for family-centered care integration in the hospital system to facilitate the interaction between healthcare providers and family members.

scholarly journals Distinctive nursing practices in working with mothers to care for hospitalised children at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a descriptive observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha North ◽  
Angela Leonard ◽  
Candice Bonaconsa ◽  
Thobeka Duma ◽  
Minette Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Inpatient Ward ◽  
Visual Research Methods ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Global North

Abstract Background: The presence of family members and their active involvement in caring for hospitalised children is an established practice in many African paediatric settings, with family members often regarded as a resource. This aspect of African paediatric nursing practice lacks formal expression or a clear conceptual basis, and difficulties arise when applying concepts of family involvement originating from the higher-resourced and culturally distinct practice environments of the global North. The aim of this study was to articulate a nurse-led practice innovation intended to facilitate family involvement in the care of hospitalised children, observed in a paediatric inpatient ward in a district hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative case study design was used. Data collection included visual research methods (graphic facilitation, sociograms and photo-elicitation) as well as a focus group, interviews and practice observation. Activities associated with 20 nurses and 22 mother-child dyads were observed. Data were subjected to content analysis, with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) applied. Results: Findings relate to six aspects of practice, categorised thematically as: preserving the mother-child pair; enabling continuous presence; psychological support and empathy; sharing knowledge; mothers as a resource; and belief and trust. Conclusion: The nursing practices and organisational policies observed in this setting relating to the facilitation of continuous maternal presence represent a distinctive nursing practice innovation. This deliberate practice contrasts with models of care provision which originate in the global North, such as Family Centred Care, and contrasts with informal practices in local African settings which tolerate the presence of mothers in other settings, as well as local institutional policies which limit mothers’ presence to varying extents.

scholarly journals Involving Family Members of People with Dementia in  the Music Therapy Process at a Residential Care Facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Patrice Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Therapy Process ◽  
Residential Care Facility ◽  
Music Therapist ◽  
People With Dementia

<p>The therapeutic use of music with older adults with dementia is widely documented, and family involvement is encouraged in both music therapy practice and dementia care services. This qualitative study explores and describes the experience of a student music therapist involving the family members of people with dementia in the music therapy process in a residential care facility. Grounded theory methodology informed analysis of the data sources. Secondary data was analysed and a theoretical perspective regarding family involvement in the music therapy process in this setting was developed. The findings are presented in main categories consisting of: building relationships, sharing information, unplanned family involvement in music therapy sessions, flexibility, spontaneity, joy and humour, and negotiation of the music therapist role in the community of the facility. The emergent theoretical perspective suggests that involving family members in the music therapy process in residential care facility is valuable in fostering and strengthening a sense of community between residents, family members and care staff.</p>

Nomadic Populations and the Challenge to Political Legitimacy: Three Cases from the Medieval Islamic West

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Hopley
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter examines the responses of three important medieval Maghribī dynasties to the dilemmas posed by nomadic populations dwelling in their midst. These dynasties include the Almoravids in al-Andalus in the twelfth century, the Almohads in the Maghrib in the thirteenth century, and the Ḥafṣids, successors to the Almohads in Ifrīqiya, during the fourteenth century. The aim is to shed light on the challenges that nomadic populations posed to political legitimacy, and to suggest, paradoxically perhaps, that the presence of unruly nomads in the medieval Islamic west, and the effort to contain them, served an important role in each dynasty's attempt to gain political legitimacy in the eyes of the Muslim community.

scholarly journals Experiences of how services supporting women with perinatal mental health difficulties work with their families: a qualitative study in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e030208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billie Lever Taylor ◽  
Jo Billings ◽  
Nicola Morant ◽  
Debra Bick ◽  
Sonia Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Perinatal Mental Health ◽  
Health Access ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Health Access

ObjectivesPartners and wider family members play a vital role in relation to women’s perinatal mental health. Clinical guidelines in the UK and internationally recommend that services supporting women with perinatal mental health difficulties involve and support their families too. However, little is known about family members’ needs and experiences, or whether they feel included by mental health services. This study set out to explore this.MethodsThis research formed part of a wider study exploring experiences of perinatal mental health care in England. The broader study included semi-structured interviews with 52 women across England who received treatment for a perinatal mental health difficulty, and 32 family members identified by the women as offering them some support. Data from these 84 interviews relating to how services work with partners and families were extracted and analysed thematically.ResultsAnalysis identified three overarching themes: (1) the centrality of women’s families to their perinatal mental health/access to support, (2) experiences of partners and families being excluded by services and (3) ambivalence among women and their families about increasing family involvement/support. We found that partners and families appear to have an important influence on women’s perinatal mental health, access to care and interactions with services, but that services tend to focus on individual women (and babies) with little regard for their wider family context. The complexity of involving and supporting partners and families, coupled with anxiety about this among women and their families, reinforces the tendency to marginalise them.ConclusionInvolving women’s families and providing the support they need is challenging, but important. Experiences of women and their families of services treating perinatal mental health difficulties suggests greater focus is needed on overcoming barriers to family inclusion and on challenging underlying gender roles and expectations, rather than allowing these to shape and guide practice.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Household Emergency Plans in Violent Tornadoes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Zhen Cong ◽  
Daan Liang ◽  
Jianjun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Emergency Plans

ABSTRACT Objective: This study examined factors that were associated with the effectiveness of pre-existing household emergency plans during the 2011 EF5 Joplin and EF4 Tuscaloosa tornadoes. We focused on whether discussing with family members helped increase the plan’s effectiveness. Methods: A telephone survey based on random sampling was conducted in 2012 with 1006 respondents in both cities. Each city experienced huge losses, injuries, and casualties. The working sample included 494 respondents who had a household emergency plan in place before these tornadoes. Results: Multinomial logistic regression showed that discussing with family members increased the helpfulness of the plan in Joplin, where people had not experienced tornadoes frequently and were less prepared for tornadoes relative to residents in Tuscaloosa. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence on the importance of encouraging family involvement when making household emergency plans, especially in places that are less prepared for disasters than those that are better prepared.

A Review of the Perceptions of Healthcare Providers and Family Members Toward Family Involvement in Active Adult Patient Care in the ICU

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shea A. Liput ◽  
Sandra L. Kane-Gill ◽  
Amy L. Seybert ◽  
Pamela L. Smithburger
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Family Members
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