scholarly journals Regulation of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 and CD4 Expression and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human Macrophages and Microglia by T Helper Type 2 Cytokines

2002 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Wang ◽  
Keith Crawford ◽  
Menglan Yuan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Paul R. Gorry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cc Chemokine Receptor 5 ◽  
Helper Type

Peyer's patch CD8+ memory T cells secrete T helper type 1 and type 2 cytokines and provide help for immunoglobulin secretion

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3087-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand S. Lagoo ◽  
John H. Eldridge ◽  
Sandhya Lagoo-Deenadaylan ◽  
C. Allen Black ◽  
Ben U. Ridwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Peyer's Patch ◽  
Immunoglobulin Secretion ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Cd8 Memory T Cells ◽  
Helper Type

scholarly journals The breakdown of the cytokine network subsequent to human immunodeficiency virus infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
M. Clerici ◽  
M. L. Villa ◽  
D. Trabattoni ◽  
G. M. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

The acquired immunodeflciency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinically multifaceted disease induced by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection results in a complex pattern of immunologic alterations that leads to the development of AIDS in the majority of HIV seropositive (HIV+) individuals. The reduction in CD4 T lymphocyte counts is the hallmark of HIV infection; nevertheless, long before the reduction in CD4 counts reaches critical levels, a series of profound and complex defects that impair the function of CD4 T lymphocytes can be detected. Thus, HIV infection is characterized by quantitative and qualitative defects affecting CD4 T lymphocytes. It was suggested recently that programmed cell death (PCD) is an important mechanism leading to CD4 depletion in HIV infection, and that susceptibility of peripheral lymphocytes to PCD is differentially regulated by diverse cytokines. Thus, type 1 cytokines would protect CD4 lymphocytes against PCD, whereas type 2 cytokines would not protect against, and could augment, PCD. We suggest that the qualitative alterations of the immune response provoke the CD4 depletion characteristic of HIV disease via type 2 cytokinemediated augmentation of PCD, and are therefore ultimately responsible for the progression of HIV infection. Finally, we summarize recent data showing that three correlates of disease progression: emergence of HIV strains with syncitium-inducing ability (SI), type 1-to-type 2 cytokine shift, and CD4 depletion, are significantly associated, suggesting a complex interconnected virologic-immunologic pathogenesis of HIV infection.

Acute Sexually Transmitted Infections Increase Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Plasma Viremia, Increase Plasma Type 2 Cytokines, and Decrease CD4 Cell Counts

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aggrey O. Anzala ◽  
J. Neil Simonsen ◽  
Joshua Kimani ◽  
T. Blake Ball ◽  
Nico J. D. Nagelkerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Plasma Viremia ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell
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