scholarly journals Induction of Potent Th1‐Type Immune Responses from a Novel DNA Vaccine for West Nile Virus New York Isolate (WNV‐NY1999)

2001 ◽  
Vol 184 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo‐Sung Yang ◽  
J. Joseph Kim ◽  
Daniel Hwang ◽  
Andrew Y. Choo ◽  
Kesen Dang ◽  
...  
2003 ◽  
Vol 100 (18) ◽  
pp. 10460-10464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hall ◽  
D. J. Nisbet ◽  
K. B. Pham ◽  
A. T. Pyke ◽  
G. A. Smith ◽  
...  

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengwei Bai ◽  
E. Ashley Thompson ◽  
Parminder J. S. Vig ◽  
A. Arturo Leis

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne virus in North America. WNV-associated neuroinvasive disease affects all ages, although elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly at risk. WNV neuroinvasive disease has killed over 2300 Americans since WNV entered into the United States in the New York City outbreak of 1999. Despite 20 years of intensive laboratory and clinical research, there are still no approved vaccines or antivirals available for human use. However, rapid progress has been made in both understanding the pathogenesis of WNV and treatment in clinical practices. This review summarizes our current understanding of WNV infection in terms of human clinical manifestations, host immune responses, neuroinvasion, and therapeutic interventions.


2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Karpati ◽  
Mary C. Perrin ◽  
Tom Matte ◽  
Jessica Leighton ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
...  

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Turell ◽  
Michel Bunning ◽  
George V. Ludwig ◽  
Brian Ortman ◽  
Jeff Chang ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Grubaugh ◽  
Aaron Massey ◽  
Katherine D. Shives ◽  
Mark D. Stenglein ◽  
Gregory D. Ebel ◽  
...  

Abstract Background.  West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans can result in severe, acute encephalitis typically involving subcortical gray matter brain regions. West Nile virus replication within specific human brain regions from a human case of acute encephalitis has not been studied. Methods.  We describe a fatal case of WNV encephalitis in which we obtained tissue from specific brain regions at autopsy to evaluate viral-host interactions using next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results.  We found that WNV populations in the injured subcortical brain regions exhibited increased amino acid variation and increased expression of specific interferon genes compared with cortical tissues despite similar viral burden. Conclusions.  These observational, patient-based data suggest that neuronal injury and the strength of viral selection pressure may be associated with the level of the innate immune responses. Further studies in human and animal models evaluating the role of innate immune responses on injury patterns and viral selection pressure are needed.


Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (29-30) ◽  
pp. 4853-4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Welte ◽  
Guorui Xie ◽  
Jason A. Wicker ◽  
Melissa C. Whiteman ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. White ◽  
Laura D. Kramer ◽  
P. Bryon Backenson ◽  
Gary Lukacik ◽  
Geraldine Johnson ◽  
...  

The Lancet ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 356 (9229) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Zoë Mullan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  

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