scholarly journals Simultaneous Infection with Multiple Strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. e42-e47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Braden ◽  
Glenn P. Morlock ◽  
Charles L. Woodley ◽  
Kammy R. Johnson ◽  
A. Craig Colombel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ofmycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
Multiple Strains

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equiStrains on Thoroughbred Horse Farms

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2167-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Morton ◽  
Angela P. Begg ◽  
Garry A. Anderson ◽  
Shinji Takai ◽  
Christoph Lämmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Horse Farms ◽  
Similar Restriction ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Total Diversity

ABSTRACT Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease-digested genomic DNA from a large collection of clinical isolates of Rhodococcus equi, an important pathogen of foals, was used to compare strain distribution between farms and over time. Forty-four strains were found among 209 isolates, with 5 of these accounting for over half the isolates and the 22 strains isolated more than once accounting for 90% of the isolates. The average genotypic diversity on each farm and in each year was found to be less than the genotypic diversity of the isolates taken as a whole, with 5.2% of the total diversity being due to differences between farms and 5.5% to differences between years. A small number of strains on each farm were found to have caused at least half the clinical cases of disease, and these varied between farms and, to a lesser extent, years. Most strains were found on more than one farm, and some very similar restriction patterns were found among isolates from different continents, indicating that strains can be very widespread. Multiple strains were isolated in five of the six cases in which more than one isolate from a single foal was examined, indicating that disease may commonly be caused by simultaneous infection with multiple strains. It was concluded that there are a number of different strains of R. equi which carry the vapA gene, and these strains tend to be widespread, but individual farms tend to have particular strains associated with them.

Probiotics Slow the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowles H. L.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when ingested in sufficient amounts, confer health benefits to the host by improving the gut microflora balance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether commercial probiotic products containing multitude of commensal bacteria would reduce the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Growth curves were established, and the growth rates were compared for samples of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Nature’s Bounty Controlled Delivery probiotic, Sundown Naturals Probiotic Balance probiotic, and cocultures of the pathogenic bacteria mixed with the probiotics. The findings of this research were that the commercial probiotics significantly reduced the growth rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium when combined in cocultures. Probiotics containing multiple strains may be taken prophylactically to reduce the risk of bacterial infections caused by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Probiotics could be used to reduce the high global morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease.

scholarly journals A deterministic model for influenza infection with multiple strains and antigenic drift

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Alfaro-Murillo ◽  
Sherry Towers ◽  
Zhilan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Multiple Strains

scholarly journals Endemic foot and mouth disease: pastoral in-herd disease dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. McLachlan ◽  
G. Marion ◽  
I. J. McKendrick ◽  
T. Porphyre ◽  
I. G. Handel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractFoot and mouth disease (FMD) burden disproportionally affects Africa where it is considered endemic. Smallholder livestock keepers experience significant losses due to disease, but the dynamics and mechanisms underlying persistence at the herd-level and beyond remain poorly understood. We address this knowledge gap using stochastic, compartmental modelling to explore FMD virus (FMDV) persistence, outbreak dynamics and disease burden in individual cattle herds within an endemic setting. Our analysis suggests repeated introduction of virus from outside the herd is required for long-term viral persistence, irrespective of carrier presence. Risk of new disease exposures resulting in significant secondary outbreaks is reduced by the presence of immune individuals giving rise to a period of reduced risk, the predicted duration of which suggests that multiple strains of FMDV are responsible for observed yearly herd-level outbreaks. Our analysis suggests management of population turnover could potentially reduce disease burden and deliberate infection of cattle, practiced by local livestock keepers in parts of Africa, has little effect on the duration of the reduced risk period but increases disease burden. This work suggests that FMD control should be implemented beyond individual herds but, in the interim, herd management may be used to reduced FMD impact to livestock keepers.

Attitude and Acceptability of the Self-Sampling in HPV Carrier Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 154041532110015
Author(s):  
Gloria Maricela Guerra Rodríguez ◽  
Octavio Augusto Olivares Ornelas ◽  
Héctor Manuel Gil Vázquez ◽  
Dalia Sarahí Silguero Esquivel ◽  
Jane Dimmitt Champion
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Cancer Multiple

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary cause of cervical cancer. Multiple strains of HPV lead to cervical intraepithelial injuries that later progress to cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward and acceptability of self-sampling among Mexican women who have HPV. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional design included a convenience sample of Mexican women with a previous diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. Results: Women ( n = 61) were young adults ( M = 27 years, SD = 6.92) reporting single marital status (55%) and sexually active (93%). Mean age at onset of sexual activity was 17 years; a majority of women (78.8%) had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime with 56.6% reporting between two and five partners. All (100%) of the women indicated that they would “choose self-sampling for HPV detection” and would recommend it to other women. Concerning “attitudes toward HPV,” the women responded that it is necessary to comply with HPV treatment and understand that preventative measures can avoid HPV transmission. Conclusion: Women reported high acceptability for self-sampling and positive attitudes toward HPV diagnostic procedures. Women indicated substantial interest in learning more about HPV, its transmission, preventive measures, routine testing, and recommended self-sampling for HPV detection.

Implication ofembBGene Mutation in Ethambutol-Susceptible Clinical Isolates ofMycobacterium tuberculosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Kil Park ◽  
Sonya Shin ◽  
Sang Jae Kim ◽  
Won Jung Koh ◽  
O Jung Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Ofmycobacterium Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Sequence Typing Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Reveals Separate Clustering and a Distinct Population Structure of Psychrotrophic Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1569-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Sorokin ◽  
Benjamin Candelon ◽  
Kévin Guilloux ◽  
Nathalie Galleron ◽  
Natalia Wackerow-Kouzova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Bacillus Weihenstephanensis ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to characterize phylogenetic relationships for a collection of Bacillus cereus group strains isolated from forest soil in the Paris area during a mild winter. This collection contains multiple strains isolated from the same soil sample and strains isolated from samples from different sites. We characterized 115 strains of this collection and 19 other strains based on the sequences of the clpC, dinB, gdpD, panC, purF, and yhfL loci. The number of alleles ranged from 36 to 53, and a total of 93 allelic profiles or sequence types were distinguished. We identified three major strain clusters—C, T, and W—based on the comparison of individual gene sequences or concatenated sequences. Some less representative clusters and subclusters were also distinguished. Analysis of the MLST data using the concept of clonal complexes led to the identification of two, five, and three such groups in clusters C, T, and W, respectively. Some of the forest isolates were closely related to independently isolated psychrotrophic strains. Systematic testing of the strains of this collection showed that almost all the strains that were able to grow at a low temperature (6°C) belonged to cluster W. Most of these strains, including three independently isolated strains, belong to two clonal complexes and are therefore very closely related genetically. These clonal complexes represent strains corresponding to the previously identified species Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Most of the other strains of our collection, including some from the W cluster, are not psychrotrophic. B. weihenstephanensis (cluster W) strains appear to comprise an effectively sexual population, whereas Bacillus thuringiensis (cluster T) and B. cereus (cluster C) have clonal population structures.

scholarly journals Early clearance ofMycobacterium tuberculosis: a new frontier in prevention

Immunology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha J. Verrall ◽  
Mihai G. Netea ◽  
Bachti Alisjahbana ◽  
Philip C. Hill ◽  
Reinout van Crevel
Keyword(s):  
Ofmycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
New Frontier
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