Inaperturate Pollen in Monocotyledons

1999 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Furness ◽  
Paula J. Rudall
Keyword(s):  
Inaperturate Pollen

scholarly journals Sharing the Agrarian Knowledge with Archaeology: First Evidence of the Dimorphism of Vitis Pollen from the Middle Bronze Age of N Italy (Terramara Santa Rosa di Poviglio)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Paola Torri ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Eleonora Clò ◽  
Marta Mariotti Lippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Pollen Dimorphism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen ◽  
Female Flowers

The recovery of inaperturate pollen from functionally female flowers in archaeological layers opens the question of a possible pollen-based discrimination between wild and domesticated Vitis vinifera in prehistoric times. Pollen analysis applied to archaeology has not routinely considered the existence of pollen dimorphism in Vitis, a well-known trait in the field of agrarian studies. Therefore, the inaperturate shape of grapevine pollen is ignored by studies on the archaeobotanical history of viticulture. In this paper we investigate pollen morphology of the domesticated and wild subspecies of V. vinifera, and report the first evidence of inaperturate Vitis pollen from an archaeological site. We studied exemplar cases of plants with hermaphroditic flowers, belonging to the subspecies vinifera with fully developed male and female organs, cases of dioecious plants with male or female flowers, belonging to the wild subspecies sylvestris and cases of V. vinifera subsp. vinifera with morphologically hermaphroditic but functionally female flowers. The pollen produced by hermaphroditic and male flowers is usually trizonocolporate; the pollen produced by female flowers is inaperturate. This paper reports on the inaperturate pollen of Vitis found in an archeological site of the Po Plain, Northern Italy. The site dated to the Bronze Age, which is known to have been a critical age for the use of this plant with a transition from wild to domesticated Vitis in central Mediterranean. Can the inaperturate Vitis pollen be a marker of wild Vitis vinifera in prehistoric times? Palynology suggests a possible new investigation strategy on the ancient history of the wild and cultivated grapevine. The pollen dimorphism also implies a different production and dispersal of pollen of the wild and the domesticated subspecies. Grapevine plants are palynologically different from the other Mediterranean “cultural trees”. In fact, Olea, Juglans and Castanea, which are included in the OJC index, have the same pollen morphology and the same pollen dispersal, in wild and domesticated plants. In contrast, the signal of Vitis pollen in past records may be different depending on the hermaphroditic or dioecious subspecies.

Dioecy and pollen dimorphism in Vitis riparia (Vitaceae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paeter G. Kevan ◽  
Robert W. Longair ◽  
Randy M. Gadawski
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Experimental Cross ◽  
Pollen Dimorphism ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen

The breeding system of Vitis riparia Michx. hitherto has not been investigated. Field observations indicated that two morphs exist, one that produces fruit, and another that does not. Through experimental cross- and self-pollinations it was found that V. riparia is functionally dioecious in southern Ontario. Further, it was found that male plants produce functional spherical tricolporate pollen, whereas female plants produce inaperturate pollen of the same diameter, 23 μm, that cannot bring about fertilization. The sex ratios found at seven locations were skewed slightly, but significantly, in favour of male plants (average 0.567). Pollination is brought about by wind, probably supplemented to a greater or lesser extent by insects which feed on the cytoplasm-filled pollen of both sexes.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Neotropical Bignonia binata species complex (Bignoniaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Rizzo Zuntini ◽  
Charlotte M Taylor ◽  
Lucia G Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen

Bignonia is a genus of 28 species of Neotropical lianas. Most species are clearly characterized by morphological features, monophyletic and narrowly distributed. However Bignonia binata is polymorphic, polyphyletic and broadly distributed, from Mexico to Argentina. A detailed morphological survey of B. binata in the light of geographical and ecological data in its current circumscription recovered two clearly distinct morphological groups of plants. One group is found in Argentina, Paraguay and the Atlantic forest of Brazil, and characterized by non-winged stems, usually terminal inflorescences, usually non-glandular calyces, pantoaperturate pollen, narrowly elliptic fruits, and 1-winged seeds. The second group occurs in Central America and Amazonia and is characterized by winged young stems, usually axillary inflorescences, glandular calyces, inaperturate pollen, widely elliptic to circular fruits, and wingless seeds. The first group of plants corresponds to B. binata and the second group is recognized as another species, B. noterophila. Synonyms, morphology, distributions, and ecology are detailed for these newly circumscribed species. Lectotypes are designated for B. noterophila and several synonyms: Adenocalymma ocositense, Arrabidaea schumanniana, and Petastoma laurifolium.

The wall and aperture development of pollen from dioeciousSolanum appendiculatum:What is inaperturate pollen?

Grana ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Zavada ◽  
Gregory J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Inaperturate Pollen

Microsporogenesis variation in Codiaeum producing inaperturate pollen grain

2009 ◽  
Vol 332 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Albert ◽  
Pierre-Henri Gouyon ◽  
Adrienne Ressayre
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen

Inaperturate pollen diversity in the arborescent taxa ofKarimnagar district, Telangana State, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ganga Kailas ◽  
H. Ramakrishna ◽  
R. Prabhaker
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Palynological Data ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen

The present investigation deals with the study of inaperturate pollen taxa of eleven (11) tree species of Karimnagar district, Telangana State. These taxa belong to Annonaceae, Eupharbiaceae, Hernandiaceae, Musaceae and Fabaceae- Mimosoideae families. The pollen of these arborescent plants have diversity in pollen morphological characters viz., symmetry, shape, polarity and ornamentation, but significantly all the pollen taxa have inaperturate apertural partten. This study provides palynological data of the inaperturate pollen taxa, which will expensive help in future palynotaxonomic studies in Karimnagar district.

Structure and systematics of Hanguana, a monocotyledon of uncertain affinity

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Rudall ◽  
Dennis W. Stevenson ◽  
H. Peter Linder
Keyword(s):  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Plasmodial Tapetum ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Flowers

Floral anatomy and some aspects of leaf and root anatomy of Hanguana are described for the first time and reviewed with respect to its systematic position in monocotyledons. Several characters support its placement in the commelinoid clade, including cell wall ferulates, silica bodies and tetracytic stomata with non-oblique cell divisions. Analysis of morphological data indicates that Hanguana is the sister taxon to Zingiberales. Characters supporting this association include spinulate inaperturate pollen, plasmodial tapetum type, mucilage-secreting intra-ovarian trichomes and modified septal nectaries. Gynoecial nectaries were present in male flowers (probably modified septal nectaries, as in some Zingiberales) and staminodial nectaries in female flowers examined.

Comparative Pollen Viability and Pollen Tube Growth of two Endemic Philippine Etlingera (Zingiberaceae, Alpinioideae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Spheroidal Shape ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen ◽  
Scanning Electron

The pollen viability and pollen tube growth of Etlingera dalican and Etlingera philippinensis (Zingiberaceae) were examined from fresh samples under the light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen measurements were 68-75μm (E. dalican) and 60-65μm (E. philippinensis), having spheroidal shape for hydrated pollen and irregularly-shape for dry pollen for both species. E. dalican pollen has greenish-yellow color while that of E. philippinensis is greenish. Both species had inaperturate pollen but differ in their ornamentation which is gemmate in E. dalican while psilate in E. philippinensis. E. dalican has 88.56% pollen viability while E. philippinensis has only 40.69%. The rate of pollen tube growth was faster (17.75 μm per day) in E. dalican than E. philippinensis (8.17 μm per day). The possible pollinators observed for the two species were butterflies of the genus Catopsilia, ants and flies. Additional information on the inflorescence and flower description of the two species are herein presented.

scholarly journals Pollen Morphology in Various Life-form of Aquatic Macrophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratchaneekorn Sangsuk ◽  
Henrik Baslev ◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Inaperturate Pollen

Ability of angiosperms to produce flowers and seeds for the sexual reproduction is important also in aquatic plants. Pollination in aquatic plants is facilitated by insects, wind, and water, however, pollen morphology related to the plant’s life forms and pollen dispersal are not well described. This study investigates pollen morphology of selected aquatic macrophytes. Plants were collected and preserved as dried specimens. Mature pollen grains of each species were separated from the anthers and then placed on glass slides and mounted with distilled water. Pollen shape and size were observed under a light microscope (LM). Number of apertures and exine ornamentation were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Closely related plant species had similar pollen morphology. Among the 28 species studied, pollen size varied from small to very large (range 10–200 µm) and their shapes were prolate-spheroidal, prolate, oblate, suboblate, and oblate-spheroidal. Some species had inaperturate pollen grains; the remainders were monoaperture, triaperture or polyaperture. Both colpate and porate apertures were found. The pollen surfaces were echinate, fovelate, granulate, lophate, plicate, regulate, regulate-fovelate, reticulate, striate, and verrucate, respectively. Keywords: Aquatic plants, Palynology, Pollen ornamentation, Pollination, SEM

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