Ontogeny of the Vascular Bundles and Contiguous Tissues in the Barley Leaf Blade

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Trivett ◽  
Ray F. Evert
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Barley Leaf

Collenchyma in Panicum maximum (Poaceae): localisation and possible role

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder A. S. Paiva ◽  
Sílvia R. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phases Of Development

This work relates the occurrence and distribution of collenchyma in Panicum maximum Jacq. P.�maximum leaves were collected at different phases of development and sampled from both the base of the sheath and from the sheath–leaf blade transition area. For the stems, the study was made by using hand-cut sections of the internodal base. In the leaves, analyses of serial sections showed, at the base and sheath–leaf blade transition area, a sudden change of tissue at vascular bundle. The vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma, both in the sheath and the leaf blade, as well as by fibrous threads that occur on the adaxial side of the central bundles. However, at the base of the sheath and at the sheath–leaf blade transition area, sclerenchyma was substituted for collenchyma. In the stem, the substitution of sclerenchyma associated with vascular bundles for collenchyma occurs at the base of the internode, in the pulvinus region. The analyses from transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of lamellated cell wall and active protoplast in collenchyma cells.

scholarly journals Morphology and Anatomy of the Fused Vein Trait in Cucurbita pepo L.

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Carle ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Stage

The morphology, growth rate and anatomy of the fused vein trait were characterized in Cucurbita pepo using the inbreds NH2405 (fused vein), NH7210 (moderately fused vein), and NH614 (normal). Morphological analysis showed that the trait is characterized by a partial fusion of the five primary leaf veins. Fusion begins at the distal point of the petiole and extends along the central vein. Branching of the veins is delayed and there is a reduction of the interveinal leaf blade. Consequently, the upper leaf surface appears puckered or wrinkled. Depending on genetic background, the onset of fused vein leaf production starts at the fourth to tenth leaf stage and continues throughout vegetative growth. The extent of fusion increases with leaf number but stabilizes by the twentieth leaf stage maximum extent of vein fusion also varies with genetic background (5-20 cm). Though fused vein and normal inbreds differed in the rate and pattern of leaf growth, examination of F2 and BC populations revealed no significant effect of the fused vein trait on leaf number, leaf size, and rate of leaf initiation. Anatomical examination revealed different vascular patterns in the transition zone between petiole and leaf blade for normal and fused vein leaves. In normal leaves, the vascular bundles of the petiole enlarge and coalesce to form a vascular crescent. The crescent reorganizes and diverges as large vascular columns and pairs of smaller flanking vascular bundles into each vein. In contrast, two cycles of enlargement, coalescence, and dispersal occur in fused vein leaves.

scholarly journals Ecological anatomy of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (MYRTACEAE) in the restinga region,state of Ceará

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane de Oliveira Thomaz Lemos ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonilla ◽  
Bruno Edson-Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ecological Anatomy ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Sclerenchyma Fibers

Abstract The species Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (myrtle) occurs in the coastal region of the state of Ceará and has ecological and medicinal importance. This study aimed to characterize the leaf anatomy of myrtle (E. punicifolia) in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade in the restinga region of the state of Ceará and to contribute to the understanding of the morphoanatomic variations in response to the natural conditions of the occurrence of this species. For this, collections of fully expanded leaves were performed at the Botanical Park of Ceará and fixed in FAA70, being replaced by 70% ethanol after 24 hours. The usual anatomical procedures were then performed in order to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the leaf blade, petiole and epidermis structures. As a result, it was found that myrtle has xeromorphic characteristics such as thick cuticle, hypoestomatic leaf and sclerenchyma fibers in the median vein vascular bundles. It was concluded that E. punicifolia has great plasticity to adjust well under the analyzed conditions.

scholarly journals Leaf and inflorescence axis anatomy of Brazilian species of Rapateoideae (Rapateaceae, Poales)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela L. Daltin ◽  
Aline Oriani ◽  
Vera L. Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Cross

The anatomy of leaves and inflorescence axes of Spathanthus (2 spp.), Rapatea (2 spp.), Cephalostemon(1 sp.), and Duckea(1 sp.) (Rapateoideae, Rapateaceae) was studied to identify useful characters for taxonomy. The cross-section shape of inflorescence axis differentiates the genera, while the cross-section shape and structure of leaf midrib has a specific value. The following characteristics are exclusive of Spathanthus: silica cells randomly distributed in the leaf epidermis; plicate chlorenchyma in the leaf blade; presence of fiber bundles in the mesophyll and in the inflorescence axis parenchyma. Spathanthus is also distinguished by the number, type and distribution of vascular bundles in the inflorescence axis. The genus Rapatea is characterized by the presence of stomata and silica cells only on the abaxial epidermis of the leaves and chlorenchyma composed of arm cells in the leaf blade. Characteristics with diagnostic value for Cephalostemon riedelianusare: leaf epidermal cells with straight to slightly sinuous walls in frontal view, inflorescence axes presenting a defined cortex, fiber bundles facing the larger vascular bundles and a fistulous pith. The anatomical characteristics of the leaves and inflorescence axes thus proved to be of taxonomic value in generic and specific levels. They are also useful to differentiate Rapateoideae from other subfamilies of Rapateaceae.

The translocation of photosynthetically assimilated 14C in corn

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hofstra ◽  
C. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Corn Plants

A detailed study was made of translocation of photosynthetically assimilated 14C in 3- to 6-week-old corn plants. Corn assimilated 14C via malate and aspartate, and incorporated most of the 14C into sucrose, the only translocation compound. Lowering the temperature from 26° to 8 °C delayed the incorporation of 14C into sucrose, but had no effect on the distribution of 14C among the intermediates. Recent 14C assimilate was translocated very rapidly from the fed area, the amount remaining in the fed area decreasing logarithmically with time. The translocate moved down the vascular bundle it entered in the fed area, with no detectable lateral movement. The logarithmic profile in the leaf blade appeared to be the result of a temporary accumulation of the labelled pulse in the separate vascular bundles. This accumulation of sucrose in the veins could be eliminated by cutting out the fed area. Between 80 and 90% of the assimilated 14C was translocated from the fed area of the leaf in 24 hours with 50% moved out in the first 30 minutes. Both the rate of translocation and the total amount moved out of the fed area increased as the temperature was changed over the range 7 to 26 °C. Each leaf of young corn plants both imported assimilates from and exported assimilates to all other parts of the plant.

Origin of inverted vascular bundles in winged leaves of Scleria plusiophylla (Cyperaceae)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 893-899
Author(s):  
Kátia Arenhart Hoss ◽  
Rafael Trevisan ◽  
Ana C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Transition Region ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Normal Differentiation

The genus Scleria P.J. Bergius is pantropical, occurs in various habitats such as forests, fields, and wetlands, and is morphologically diverse. Some species have a winged sheath, which remains on the leaf blade and forms the last pair of costae. Anatomical observations of leaf blades of Scleria plusiophylla Steud. revealed the presence of inverted vascular bundles in the region of the wing. During the development of the shoot apical meristem of S. plusiophylla, it was observed that the wing emerges through divisions and enlargement of protoderm cells of the abaxial surface and subsurface cells (ground meristem) of the sheath. The ground meristem, from both sides of the sheath, gives rise to the procambial strands, which have normal differentiation. Subsequently, in the transition region between the sheath and the leaf blade, the growth of the sheath ends and the development of the leaf blade continues with the wings remaining adnate to the blade and initially folded towards the dorsal surface. As the leaf blade develops, the wings gradually unfold. Bulliform cells on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, which marked the beginning of the wing, and inverted vascular bundles intercalated with normal vascular bundles, are also observed. It was concluded that all of the bundles in the wing of the leaf blade have normal development and follow the orientation of development related to the side of the sheath from which they were initially derived, resulting in vascular bundles with different phloem positions.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE HYPER SENSITIVE RESPONSE OF POTATO PLANTS TO CLUSTERS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE EGGS FOR USE IN BREEDING

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
I.S. Mardanshin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Sorokan ◽  
A.A. Gordeev ◽  
G.V. Benkovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Protective Reaction

The creation of new varieties of potato revealing innate highly effective mechanisms of protection against Colo-rado potato beetle is an urgent task of breeding, which requires the development of methods that allow standardizing certain plant responses to different aspects of the influence of this phytophage under laboratory conditions. The laying of eggs by insects on the surface of plant laves leads to the development of an intense protective reaction and the production of ovicides, intensive death of tissue, followed by the loss of eggs or their drying. To simulate the laying of eggs on the leaves, we used a washout from the surface of the clutches of the Colorado potato beetle containing a pool of elicitors of plant defense reactions. On cultivars Bashkirsky (high resistance to the Colorado potato beetle) and Udacha (medium-resistant cultivar), drying of leaf areas was observed in response to the treatment of the lower surface of the leaf blade, and on cultivar Rannyaya rosa (unstable cultivar), there was no reaction. The dried spots on the leaf blade were strictly limited to the place where the wash was applied. It was found that the formation of reactive oxygen species in response to the application of the washout occurs only on potato varieties Bashkirsky and Udacha with the development of a hypersensitive response, which corresponded to the drying of leaf blades observed under the field conditions at the sites of clutch attachment. Localization of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion occurs in the cells of the vascular bundles and adjacent tissues. On the Rannyaya Rosa cultivar, the application of the washout did not lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen spe-cies in the leaf tissue and the drying of the leaves.

scholarly journals Feeding site of the spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) on sugarcane

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Garcia ◽  
Eliane Grisoto ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Machado Botelho ◽  
José Roberto Postali Parra ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis

The sugarcane spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is a pest of mechanically-harvested sugarcane in Brazil, when trash burning is not performed. To better understand the differences in feeding behavior of adults and nymphs of this pest and the subsequent disorders that arise, stylet penetration through fixation, staining and sectioning was investigated. Nymphs cause a "physiological disorder" damaging the tracheary system of the roots, slowing or preventing water and nutrient flow, with phloem and xylem dehydration. Nymphs insert their stylets through the epidermis, crossing the cortex, endodermis and pericycle before reaching the vascular cylinder, where they feed in the sieve-tube elements of the primary phloem. In contrast, adults feed on leaves, causing "sugarcane burn", and reducing plant photosynthesis. Adults introduce the stylets into the leaf blade through the stomata, passing the chlorophyll-bearing parenchyma cells before reaching the metaxylem in the vascular bundles.

scholarly journals The utility of Bambusoideae (Poaceae, Poales) leaf blade anatomy for identification and systematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Leandro ◽  
R. T. Shirasuna ◽  
T. S. Filgueiras ◽  
V. L. Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Woody Bamboos

Abstract Bambusoideae is a diverse subfamily that includes herbaceous (Olyreae) and woody (Arundinarieae and Bambuseae) bamboos. Species within Bambusae are particularly difficult to identify due to their monocarpic lifecycle and the often long durations between mass flowering events; whereas the herbaceous bamboos are pluricarpic, but often are found with no reproductive structures. The leaf blade anatomy of 16 sympatric species of native Brazilian bamboos (Olyreae and Bambuseae) from the Atlantic Rainforest was studied in order to detect useful features for their identification. All the studied species share the following features: epidermis with a single stratum of cells; adaxial bulliform cells; mesophyll with arm cells, rosette cells, and fusoid cells; and collateral vascular bundles. Herbaceous bamboos share two features: papillae scattered on the abaxial surface and parallel-sided arrays of bulliform cells; whereas woody bamboos share: centrally organized papillae and fan-shaped arrays of bulliform cells. Also within the woody bamboos, intercostal fibers and a midrib with only one vascular bundle (simple midrib) characterize the subtribe Arthrostylidiinae; whereas a midrib with more than one vascular bundle (complex midrib) and a stomatal apparatus with two pappilae per subsidiary cell characterize the subtribe Chusqueinae. There are also diagnostic features for the sampled species, such as: papillae shape, and the outline and structure of the midrib. An identification key for all the studied species is provided based on the anatomical features.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and proportion of leaf blade tissues of elephant grass clones under sheep grazing

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Leal Viana ◽  
Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Mário de Andrade Lira ◽  
José Carlos Batista Dubeux Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Vascular Sheath

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize morphologically elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes and to estimate their proportions of leaf blade tissues under grazing. Two tall varieties (Elephant B and IRI-381) and three short ones (Mott, Taiwan A-146 2.37, and Taiwan A-146 2.114) were evaluated under intermittent sheep grazing as to the following morphological characteristics: plant height, internode length, and leaf blade/culm ratio. Moreover, the proportions of the following leaf blade tissues were estimated: sclerenchyma, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, bulliform cells, vascular bundles, phloem, vascular sheath, xylem, and mesophyll. The short varieties were 28.6% shorter than the tall ones and showed higher leaf blade/culm ratio; Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 had the shortest internodes of 3.9 and 4.7 cm, respectively, over ten grazing cycles. The clones differed regarding their proportions of leaf blade tissues, except for abaxial epidermis, phloem, and xylem. The differences in morphological characteristics indicate that the short clones Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 are better adapted to sheep grazing, and, therefore, may be recommended for the improvement of pastures.

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