An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Ultraviolet Sensitivity and Crossing-Over in Bacteria and Fungi

1969 ◽  
Vol 103 (929) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tuveson
Keyword(s):  
Crossing Over ◽  
Ultraviolet Sensitivity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship among Biogenic Amines, Nitrite and Microbial Diversity in Fermented Mustard

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6173
Author(s):  
Yangyang Yu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Yujuan Xu ◽  
Kejing An ◽  
Qiao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
The Relationship

Biogenic amines (BAs) and nitrites are both considered harmful compounds for customer health, and are closely correlated with the microorganisms in fermented mustard (FM). In this study, BAs and nitrite contents in fifteen FM samples from different brands were analyzed. The concentrations of cadaverine in one sample and of histamine in one sample were above the toxic level. Moreover, five FM samples contained a high level of nitrite, exceeding the maximum residue limit (20 mg/kg) suggested by the National Food Safety Standard. Then, this study investigated bacterial and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing analysis. Firmicutes and Basidiomycota were identified as the major bacteria and fungi phylum, respectively. The correlations among microorganisms, BAs and nitrite were analyzed. Typtamine showed a positive correlation with Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas. Cadaverine and nitrite is positively correlated with Leuconostoc. Furthermore, thirteen strains were selected from the samples to evaluate the accumulation and degradation properties of their BAs and nitrite. The results indicated that the Lactobacillus isolates, including L. plantarum GZ-2 and L. brevis SC-2, can significantly reduce BAs and nitrite in FM model experiments. This study not only assessed the contents of BAs and nitrite in FM samples, but also provided potential starter cultures for BAs and nitrite control in the FM products industry.

Novel Investigation of the Deep Band of the Lateral Plantar Aponeurosis and Its Relationship With the Lateral Plantar Nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1325-1330
Author(s):  
Cameron M. Beck ◽  
Austin R. Dickerson ◽  
Kevin J. Kadado ◽  
Zachary A. Cohen ◽  
Somer E. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Medial Aspect ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Target Zone ◽  
Plantar Aponeurosis ◽  
Lateral Plantar Nerve ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We describe a thick fascial band arising from the medial aspect of the lateral plantar aponeurosis diving deep into the forefoot crossing over a branch of the lateral plantar nerve. Because a review of current literature resulted in limited and outdated sources, we sought to first determine the frequency of this fascial band and the location where it crosses the lateral plantar nerve and, second, discuss the clinical applications these anatomical findings could have. Methods: 50 pairs of cadaveric feet (n = 100) were dissected to investigate for presence of the fascial band and its interaction with the lateral plantar nerve. Images were taken of each foot with the fascial band. ImageJ was used to take 2 measurements assessing the relationship of the tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal to where the nerve crossed deep to the fascial band. Results: Overall, 38% of the feet possessed the fascial band. It was found unilaterally in 10 pairs and bilaterally in 14 pairs. On average, the point at which the lateral plantar nerve passed deep to the fascial band was 2.0 cm medial and 1.7 cm anterior to the tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal. Conclusion: When present, the deep band of the lateral plantar aponeurosis (PA) was consistently found to be crossing the lateral plantar nerve. The discovery of the location where this most commonly occurs has not been previously reported and adds an interesting dimension that elevates an anatomical study to one that has clinical potential. Clinical Relevance: The established target zone gives a precise location for where the relationship between the deep band of the lateral PA and the lateral plantar nerve exists when evaluating the foot. The target zone provides a potential springboard for future investigations concerning said relationship clinically.

scholarly journals When Appearance Misleads: The Role of the Entomopathogen Surface in the Relationship with Its Host

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Francesco Brivio ◽  
Maristella Mastore
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Invasive Control

Currently, potentially harmful insects are controlled mainly by chemical synthetic insecticides, but environmental emergencies strongly require less invasive control techniques. The use of biological insecticides in the form of entomopathogenic organisms is undoubtedly a fundamental resource for the biological control of insect pests in the future. These infectious agents and endogenous parasites generally act by profoundly altering the host’s physiology to death, but their success is closely related to the neutralization of the target insect’s immune response. In general, entomopathogen parasites, entomopathogenic bacteria, and fungi can counteract immune processes through the effects of secretion/excretion products that interfere with and damage the cells and molecules typical of innate immunity. However, these effects are observed in the later stages of infection, whereas the risk of being recognized and neutralized occurs very early after penetration and involves the pathogen surface components and molecular architecture; therefore, their role becomes crucial, particularly in the earliest pathogenesis. In this review, we analyze the evasion/interference strategies that entomopathogens such as the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, nematocomplexes, and wasps implement in the initial stages of infection, i.e., the phases during which body or cell surfaces play a key role in the interaction with the host receptors responsible for the immunological discrimination between self and non-self. In this regard, these organisms demonstrate evasive abilities ascribed to their body surface and cell wall; it appears that the key process of these mechanisms is the capability to modify the surface, converting it into an immunocompatible structure, or interaction that is more or less specific to host factors.

Crossing over with Rubén Blades

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Michael Randel
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
English Language ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
American Popular Music ◽  
Ruben Blades ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Having won two Grammy Awards, attracted considerable attention in the English-language media, and appeared in several Hollywood films, Latin popular singer Rubén Blades has been much discussed as a crossover, that is, as an artist who, with a well-defined audience (in this case Hispanic), produces work that appeals in addition to another audience (here the audience for mainstream American popular music). El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico, in contrast, continues to appeal to its traditional Hispanic audience and remains the undisputed leader in popularity with that audience. A comparison of a piece by El Gran Combo with one by Blades suggests ways of thinking about the relationship of both to their audiences and to each other and ways in which musicology might approach such questions in specifically musical terms. Blades is seen not to be crossing over from one audience to another but to represent transformations in his Hispanic audience, which is itself crossing over to become increasingly imbued with Anglo culture while remaining rooted in its own traditions.

Influence of structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wińska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabarczyk ◽  
Wanda Mączka ◽  
Barbara Żarowska ◽  
Gabriela Maciejewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Equatorial Position ◽  
Substrate Structure ◽  
Cyclohexene Ring ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Unsaturated Lactones ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this article is influence of the structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity. This work was based on the general remark that even the smallest change in the structure of a compound can affect its biological properties. The results of the biotransformation of four bicyclic unsaturated lactones with one or two methyl groups in the cyclohexene ring was tested using fifteen fungal strains (Fusarium species, Penicillium species, Absidia species, Cunninghamella japonica, and Pleurotus ostreatus) and five yeast strains (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodorula marina, Rhodorula rubra, Candida viswanathii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). During these transformations, new epoxylactone and hydroxylactone were obtained. The relationship between the substrate structure and the ability of the microorganisms to transform them were analysed. Only compounds with C–O bond of lactone ring in the equatorial position were transformed by fungus. All presented here lactones were examined also for their antimicrobial activity. It turned out that these compounds exhibited growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi, mainly Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium expansum.

scholarly journals Altered Bacteria-Fungi Inter-Kingdom Network in Gut of Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Bingbing Dai ◽  
Yawei Tang ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
Ningning Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Radiographic Damage ◽  
Fungal Microbiota ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

ABSTRACTIntestinal bacterial dysbiosis has been increasingly linked to Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), which is a prototypic and best studied subtype of Spondyloarthritis (SpA). Fungi and bacteria coexist in human gut and interact with each other, although they have been shown to contribute actively to health or diseases, no studies have investigated whether fungal microbiota in AS patients is perturbed. In this study, fecal samples of 22 AS patients, with clinical and radiographic assessments, and 16 healthy controls (HCs) were collected to systematically characterize the gut microbiota and mycobiota in AS patients by 16S rDNA and ITS2-based DNA sequencing. The relationships between therapeutic regimens, disease activity, radiographic damage of AS and gut micro/mycobiome were investigated. Our results showed a distinct mycobiota pattern in AS in addition to microbiota dysbiosis. The gut mycobiome of AS patients was characterized by higher taxonomic levels of Ascomycota, especially the class of Dothideomycetes, and decreased abundance of Basidiomycota, which was mainly contributed by the decease of Agaricales. Compared to HCs, changing of the ITS2/16S biodiversity ratio, and bacteria-fungi interkingdom network were observed in AS patients. Alteration of gut mycobiota was associated with different therapeutic regimens, disease activity, as well as different degrees of radiographic damage. Moreover, we unraveled a disease-specific interkingdom network alteration in AS. Finally, we also identified some trends suggesting that different therapeutic regimens may induce changing of both bacterial and fungal microbiota in AS.IMPORTANCEHuman gut is colonized by diverse fungi (mycobiome), and they have long been suspected in the pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis (SpA). Our study unraveled a disease-specific interkingdom network alteration in AS, suggesting that fungi, or the interkingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi, may play an essential role in AS development. However, limited by sample size and indeep mechanism studies, further large scale investigations on the characterization of gut mycobiome in AS patients are needed to form a foundation for research into the relationship between mycobiota dysbiosis and AS development.

scholarly journals GENETIC RECOMBINATION AT THE BUFF SPORE COLOR LOCUS IN SORDARIA BREVICOLLIS. II. ANALYSIS OF FLANKING MARKER BEHAVIOR IN CROSSES BETWEEN BUFF MUTANTS

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Helen Sang ◽  
Harold L K Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aberrant Segregation ◽  
Distal Site ◽  
Hybrid Dna

ABSTRACT Aberrant asci containing one or more wild-type spores were selected from crosses between pairs of alleles of the buff locus in the presence of closely linked flanking markers. Data were obtained relating to the site of aberrant segregation and the position of any associated crossover giving recombination of flanking markers. Aberrant segregation at a proximal site within the buff gene may be associated with a crossover proximal to the site of aberrant segregation or, with equal frequency, with a crossover distal to the site of the second mutant present in the cross. Similarly, segregation at a distal site may be associated with a crossover distal to the site or, with lower frequency, with a crossover proximal to the site of the proximal mutant present in the cross. Crossovers between the alleles were rare. This evidence for the relationship between hybrid DNA and crossing over is discussed in terms of current models for the mechanism of recombination.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF CHIASMATA AND CROSSING OVER IN LILIUM FORMOSANUM

Genetics ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-873
Author(s):  
Spencer W Brown ◽  
Daniel Zohary
Keyword(s):  
Crossing Over ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lilium Formosanum
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