The Role of Bumblebees in the Pollination of Certain Cultivated Plants

1925 ◽  
Vol 59 (664) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Plath
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants

scholarly journals PERANAN TUMBUHAN LIAR DALAM KONSERVASI SERANGGA PENYERBUK ORDO HYMENOPTERA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Erniwati Erniwati ◽  
Sih Kahono
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Dry Seasons

The role of the wild plants in relation to the conservation of the Indonesian insectpollinators was studied at several areas of Java. Three of direct observationmethods were applied: study of biodiversity and observation on the wild flowersand the insect pollinators as well, and the behaviour of the insects. The flowersof wild plants were relatively smaller and paler in colour, however they were moreattractive to insect pollinators than cultivated plants. Flowering time of the wildplants was mostly during wet seasons, contrary to that of the cultivated plantswhich was mostly during dry seasons. Our observation indicated that these wildplants are the food resources of insect pollinators during wet seasons. Observationdata support the importance of wild plants to supply food to insect pollinatorsduring wet seasons. Management of wild and cultivated plant environments isnecessary to conserve insect pollinators.

Cropmarks used in aerial archaeology as special spatial indicators of soil features potentially applicable in soil mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mátyás Árvai ◽  
Zoltán Czajlik ◽  
János Mészáros ◽  
Balázs Nagy ◽  
László Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Auxiliary Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research

<p>Cropmarks are a major factor in the effectiveness of traditional aerial archaeology. The positive and negative features shown up by cropmarks are the role of the different cultivated plants and the importance of precipitation and other elements of the physical environment. In co-operation with the experts of the Eötvös Loránd University a new research was initiated to compare the pedological features of cropmark plots (CMP) and non-cropmark plots (nCMP) in order to identify demonstrable differences between them. For this purpose, the spatial soil information on primary soil properties provided by DOSoReMI.hu was employed. To compensate for the inherent vagueness of spatial predictions, together with the fact that the definition of CMPs and nCMPs is somewhat indefinite, the comparisons were carried out using data-driven, statistical approaches. In the first round three pilot areas were investigated, where Chernozem and Meadow type soils proved to be correlated with the formation of cropmarks. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Random Forest models showed a different relative predominance of pedological variables in each study area. The geomorphological differences between the study areas explain these variations satisfactorily. In the next round, the identified relationships between cropmarking and soil features are planned to be utilized in the spatial inference of soil properties, where crop-marking sites will represent a unique, spatially non-exhaustive auxiliary information.</p>

scholarly journals Barley (Hordeum vulgare) in the Okhotsk culture (5th–10th century AD) of northern Japan and the role of cultivated plants in hunter–gatherer economies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0174397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Leipe ◽  
Elena A. Sergusheva ◽  
Stefanie Müller ◽  
Robert N. Spengler ◽  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Northern Japan

Reduced growth and yield of wheat with conservation cropping. II. Soil biological factors limit growth under direct drilling

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard ◽  
R Munns ◽  
RA James ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
JF Angus
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Controlled Environments

Wheat was grown in intact cores of soil removed from a field experiment in which seedlings had grown more slowly in direct-drilled soil than in cultivated soil. Experiments were conducted in controlled environments to resolve (1) whether shallower sowing of direct-drilled crops caused slower growth, (2) whether the soil factors causing the slower growth were physical or biological and (3) if biological, whether Rhizoctonia solani was the major pathogen. The conditions of the experiments removed possible constraints of water and nutrient supply but otherwise simulated the environment of wheat seedlings in southern Australia. Shallower sowing led to faster emergence and increased seedling growth, but irrespective of sowing depth, direct-drilled plants grew more slowly than plants in cultivated soil. Shoot growth of direct-drilled plants was 25-65% less than that of cultivated plants. These growth reductions were largely overcome by sterilizing the soil with y radiation or by fumigation with methyl bromide, indicating that biological factors were primarily responsible. Rhizoctonia was implicated as the cause of the reduced shoot growth when infection was severe (>3 on a 0-5 scale). There was no correlation between infection severity and shoot growth at moderate levels (<3) and significant reductions in shoot growth occurred in the absence of Rhizoctonia. These reductions were evident on the first leaf suggesting a direct influence on shoot growth rather than one mediated through inadequate uptake of water or nutrients. Infection of the germinating seed by Pythium spp. or the effects of phytohormones produced by inhibitory bacteria on the roots are possible causes of reduced shoot growth of direct-drilled seedlings. The dominant role of biological factors in determining plant response to soil management indicates the need for further studies to identify the organisms responsible, to determine the mechanism by which they influence shoot growth, and the effect of management on their populations and activity.

Role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs. cultivated plants

Oecologia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Koide ◽  
Mingguang Li ◽  
James Lewis ◽  
Cherie Irby
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

scholarly journals The Ecological Role of Interactions Between Plants in Agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Sunulahpašić ◽  
Sanja Čekić ◽  
Jelena Golijan ◽  
Saud Hamidović
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
The Impact

Modern agricultural production considers intensive use of agro-technology and chemical agents, which in addition to multiple benefits, results in loss of diversity. One of the methods for improvement of ecological interactions within the agroecosystem is increasing the diversity of cultivated plants. Previous studies have shown the impact of diversification of crops on pest populations in agricultural agroecosystems and demonstrated how certain techniques such as intercropping, can significantly affect the control of herbivores. This paper presents the influence and the role of intercropping in suppression of pests, weeds and diseases. According to the data presented, it is evident that, by using intercropping, multiple beneficial effects for the plant populations can be achieved, followed by development of resistance mechanisms, as well as production of compounds with suppressive effects on overall plants pathogens, weeds and pests.

scholarly journals The role of ecological infrastructure on beneficial arthropods in vineyards

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristijan Franin ◽  
Božena Barić ◽  
Gabrijela Kuštera
Keyword(s):  
Shannon Index ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Ecological Infrastructure ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Index Value

Weeds and non-cultivated plants have a great impact on abundance and diversity of beneficial arthropods in agriculture. The main aim of this work was to study the influence of the ecological infrastructure (meadows and weedy margins) on the arthropod composition in vineyard surrounding landscape. Research was carried out from May to October during three years. Sampling took place in the ecological infrastructure of three differently managed vineyards (organic, integrated and extensive). Three zones were chosen in each vineyard (3 m, 10 m, and 30 m from the edge of the vineyard). Samples were taken using a standardised sweep net method. In total, we captured 6032 spiders and 1309 insects belonging to 4 orders and 10 families. Arthropod fauna was numerically dominated by Aranea (82.1%); among insects, Coleoptera was the most abundant taxonomic group (10.6%); Neuroptera showed the lowest value (0.88%). Significant differences were found between sites and zones. Organic vineyard showed the highest abundance of arthropods (92.41% were spiders) and in the integrated vineyard there was a 23% of insects. Both the highest abundance of arthropods and the highest Shannon Index value (2.46) was found 3 m away from the edge of the vineyard. Results showed that spiders were the dominant arthropods and ladybugs the dominant insects. Weedy strips near the edge of the vineyard contained a high number of insects and spiders. Our results support the importance of weedy margins in enhancing the population of arthropods as well as in biodiversity promotion. Well-managed field margins could play important role in biological control of vineyard pests.

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