scholarly journals The Ecological Role of Interactions Between Plants in Agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Sunulahpašić ◽  
Sanja Čekić ◽  
Jelena Golijan ◽  
Saud Hamidović
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
The Impact

Modern agricultural production considers intensive use of agro-technology and chemical agents, which in addition to multiple benefits, results in loss of diversity. One of the methods for improvement of ecological interactions within the agroecosystem is increasing the diversity of cultivated plants. Previous studies have shown the impact of diversification of crops on pest populations in agricultural agroecosystems and demonstrated how certain techniques such as intercropping, can significantly affect the control of herbivores. This paper presents the influence and the role of intercropping in suppression of pests, weeds and diseases. According to the data presented, it is evident that, by using intercropping, multiple beneficial effects for the plant populations can be achieved, followed by development of resistance mechanisms, as well as production of compounds with suppressive effects on overall plants pathogens, weeds and pests.

scholarly journals Resistance Mechanisms of Anti-angiogenic Therapy and Exosomes-Mediated Revascularization in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zeng ◽  
Bingmei M. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Vasculogenic Mimicry ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sprouting Angiogenesis ◽  
Intussusceptive Angiogenesis ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Neovascularization ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Anti-angiogenic therapies (AATs) have been widely used for cancer treatment. But the beneficial effects of AATs are short, because AAT-induced tumor revascularization facilitates the tumor relapse. In this mini-review, we described different forms of tumor neovascularization and revascularization including sprouting angiogenesis, vessel co-option, intussusceptive angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry, all of which are closely mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, matrix metalloproteinases, and exosomes. We also summarized the current findings for the resistance mechanisms of AATs including enhancement in pro-angiogenic cytokines, heterogeneity in tumor-associated endothelial cells (ECs), crosstalk between tumor cells and ECs, masking of extracellular vesicles, matrix stiffness and contributions from fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment. We highlighted the revascularization following AATs, particularly the role of exosome stimulating factors such as hypoxia and miRNA, and that of exosomal cargos such as cytokines, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs from the tumor ECs in angiogenesis and revascularization. Finally, we proposed that renormalization of tumor ECs would be a more efficient cancer therapy than the current AATs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistance in the Bifidobacterium genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Walter Mancino ◽  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Chiara Argentini ◽  
Giulia Longhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Western World ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (AMC) is one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotic formulations in the Western world. Extensive oral use of this antimicrobial combination influences the gut microbiota. One of the most abundant early colonizers of the human gut microbiota is represented by different taxa of the Bifidobacterium genus, which include many members that are considered to bestow beneficial effects upon their host. In the current study, we investigated the impact of AMC administration on the gut microbiota composition, comparing the gut microbiota of 23 children that had undergone AMC antibiotic therapy to that of 19 children that had not been treated with antibiotics during the preceding six months. Moreover, we evaluated AMC sensitivity by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test of 261 bifidobacterial strains, including reference strains for the currently recognized 64 bifidobacterial (sub)species, as well as 197 bifidobacterial isolates of human origin. These assessments allowed the identification of four bifidobacterial strains, which exhibit a high level of AMC insensitivity, and which were subjected to genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify the putative genetic determinants responsible for this AMC insensitivity. Furthermore, we investigated the ecological role of AMC-resistant bifidobacterial strains by in vitro batch-cultures. Importance Based on our results, we observed a drastic reduction in gut microbiota diversity of children treated with antibiotics, also affecting the abundance of Bifidobacterium, a bacterial genus commonly found in the infant gut. MIC experiments revealed that more than 98% of bifidobacterial strains tested were shown to be inhibited by the AMC antibiotic. Isolation of four insensitive strains and sequencing of their genome revealed the identity of possible genes involved in AMC resistance mechanisms. Moreover, gut-simulating in-vitro experiments revealed that one strain, i.e. B. breve PRL2020, is able to persist in the presence of a complex microbiota combined with AMC antibiotic.

scholarly journals Role of Oleic Acid in the Gut-Liver Axis: From Diet to the Regulation of Its Synthesis via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Piccinin ◽  
Marica Cariello ◽  
Stefania De Santis ◽  
Simon Ducheix ◽  
Carlo Sabbà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
The Impact

The consumption of an olive oil rich diet has been associated with the diminished incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Several studies have attributed these beneficial effects to oleic acid (C18 n-9), the predominant fatty acid principal component of olive oil. Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the impact of gene-nutrient interactions in liver and gut diseases, by taking advantage of the role of SCD1 and its product oleic acid in the modulation of different hepatic and intestinal metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Could the beneficial effects of dietary calcium on obesity and diabetes control be mediated by changes in intestinal microbiota and integrity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Gomes ◽  
J. A. Costa ◽  
R. C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.

scholarly journals New Role of the Disulfide Stress Effector YjbH in β-Lactam Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5452-5458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Göhring ◽  
Iris Fedtke ◽  
Guoqing Xia ◽  
Ana M. Jorge ◽  
Mariana G. Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis exposed to multiple antimicrobial compounds, including oxidative burst products and antibiotics. The various mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing susceptibility or resistance are complex and only superficially understood.Bacillus subtilisrecently has been shown to control disulfide stress responses by the thioredoxin-related YjbH protein, which binds to the transcriptional regulator Spx and controls its degradation via the proteasome-like ClpXP protease. We show that theS. aureusYjbH homolog has a role in susceptibility to the disulfide stress-inducing agent diamide that is similar to that inB. subtilis, and we demonstrate that the four cysteine residues in YjbH are required for this activity. In addition, the inactivation of YjbH led to moderate resistance to oxacillin and other β-lactam antibiotics, and this phenotypic change was associated with higher penicillin-binding protein 4 levels and increased peptidoglycan cross-linking. Of note, the impact of YjbH on β-lactam susceptibility still was observed when the four cysteines of YjbH were mutated, indicating that the roles of YjbH in disulfide stress and β-lactam resistance rely on different types of interactions. These data suggest that the ClpXP adaptor YjbH has more target proteins than previously thought, and that oxidative burst and β-lactam resistance mechanisms ofS. aureusare closely linked.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and Food Security: An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Uzair Azizan ◽  
Maryanti Mohd Raid ◽  
Khadijah Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

Urbanisation has given significant impact to various sectors, particularly in agriculture. Essentially, agricultural production activities depend heavily on land resources. At the same time, land is also needed as vital resources for the country development. Despite of the initiative of urbanism to better the country development process, it has raised concern among the land administrator regarding the status of the national’s food security. Food security has been threatened by the needs of the physical development due to urbanisation. Therefore, this article attempts to study the impact of urbanisation on the agriculture sector and examined the role of urbanism to safeguard the land resources for food security purposes. It is hope that, this article will form an inclusive understanding regarding the idea of urbanism in pursuing the betterment of an economic progress without compromising the needs for the national food security.

scholarly journals Accept Anxiety to Improve Sleep: The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Relationships between Mindfulness, Distress and Sleep Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13149
Author(s):  
Marco Mirolli ◽  
Luca Simione ◽  
Monica Martoni ◽  
Marco Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
The Impact

It has been recently proposed that mindfulness can improve sleep quality through the mediating role on psychological distress and that acceptance may play a pivotal role in mindfulness beneficial effects. The aim of the present work was to understand the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on dispositional mindfulness, sleep, and distress, and on their relationships. In particular, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the detrimental effects of lockdown on sleep depended on mindfulness and distress (including anxiety and depression) and that the acceptance facet of mindfulness played the leading role. A longitudinal study based on self-report questionnaires was conducted on 39 Italian adults (M age = 35.03, SD = 14.02; 21 men) assessing mindfulness, distress, and sleep quality before (23 December 2019–8 March 2020) and during (27 April 2020–10 May 2020) the first Italian COVID-19 lockdown. Lockdown decreased mindfulness while increasing distress and sleep problems. Path analysis showed that the effects of lockdown on sleep were fully mediated by mindfulness and distress. Furthermore, a more detailed analysis showed that these effects were mainly dependent on the acceptance component of mindfulness working through anxiety. The present study confirms, in the context of the COVID-19 lockdown, a model according to which mindfulness, and specifically acceptance, influences sleep through the mediating role of distress.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Pro-Poor Growth on Poverty in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Ilhem Zorgui ◽  
Houda Ayed ◽  
Said Jaouadi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
New Framework

The paper aims at determining the impact of pro-poor growth on poverty in developing countries. The abundant literature regarding the issue of beneficial effects of the raise of national wealth on poor classes provided conflicted findings. In the addition of the theoretical review regarding the surveys attempting to find out the role of growth on poverty, the present paper relies on providing a new framework of analysis to find out the real impact of economic growth on the living conditions of the poor. The empirical analysis stands for the conduct of an empirical research made up of an econometric model applied on a panel of some developing countries.The empirical research revealed that growth could have a harmful impact on poverty in developing countries. The last finding remains limited because the coefficient is not statistically significant. The illustration of the outcome focuses on the lack of data about ineffective income redistribution, or regarding the contribution of some specific economic field as agriculture.

scholarly journals Low compliance contribute to insufficient Desmopressin response of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and the role of voiding school

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Radojicic ◽  
Sasa Milivojevic ◽  
Irena Koricanac ◽  
Jelena Milin Lazovic ◽  
Darko Laketic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Good Compliance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Percent Decrease

Abstract Aims To evaluate the impact of compliance on the therapeutic effects of Desmopressin, as well as the importance of establishing the voiding school for low-compliance children in primary monosymptomatic enuresis treatment. Methods Eighty-nine patients with primary monosymptomatic enuresis treated with Desmopressin were observed during the 2017–2020 at University Children’s Hospital Belgrade, Serbia. The average patients age was 7.7 ± 2.4 years; 65 (73%) were boys and 24 (27%) % were girls. After the 3 months of Desmopressin treatment, the effect of therapy was evaluated according to the compliance. After the treatment, low-compliance patients and their parents were suggested to visit a voiding school. Results A significant decrease in the median enuresis frequency was noticed during the Desmopressin treatment (25.0 (20.0–26.0) vs 10.0 (2.0–17.0) per month, before vs after treatment, respectively) (p < 0.001). Patients with low compliance had a poorer response to Desmopressin (p < 0.001). An median enuresis reduction in the good compliance group was 92.3% (86.7 -95%), while in the low compliance group was 28.6% (16.7–43.3%). After attending voiding school, there was a significant increase in compliance (p < 0.001), associated with an median percent decrease in enuresis of 84.0% (75.0–95.5%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Compliance considerably influences the beneficial effects of Desmopressin. Patients with poor therapeutic effects should be evaluated for compliance and introduced to voiding school.

scholarly journals The impact of keto-adaptation on exercise performance and the role of metabolic-regulating cytokines

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sherrier ◽  
Hongshuai Li
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a normocaloric diet composed of high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate protein that induces fasting-like effects and results in the production of ketone bodies. Initially used widely for children with refractory epilepsy, the KD gained popularity due to its beneficial effects on weight loss, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, there has been a resurgence in interest surrounding the KD and exercise performance. This review provides new insights into the adaptation period necessary for enhancement in skeletal muscle fat and ketone oxidation after sustained nutritional ketosis. In addition, this review highlights metabolically active growth factors and cytokines, which may function as important regulators of keto-adaptation in the setting of exercise and the KD.

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